Jacked up WBC Flashcards
pancytopenia will result in what 4 assessment findings/symptoms?
Fatigue, infection, bruising, bleeding
type of cancer:
Uncontrolled production of immature WBC’s in bone marrow that enter blood stream +decrease production of normal blood cell types =
leukemia
leukemia findings
-infections
-anemia
-bleeding
-shitty perfusion
-tachycardia/pnea
-liver/spleen enlargement
-n/v/weigh loss
-loc
-fatigue/pain
leukemia findings
-infections
-anemia
-bleeding
-shitty perfusion
-tachycardia/pnea
-liver/spleen enlargement
-n/v/weigh loss
-loc
-fatigue/pain
match with acute or chronic leukemia:
-sudden onset with severe symptoms
-slow growing with milder symptoms
acute = sudden onset with severe symptoms
chronic = sudden onset with severe symptoms (chronic can become acute)
is a prolonged aptt indicative of good or bad clotting? what will you see with leukemia?
bad! slow clotting with leukemia
diagnostic tests for leukemia (2)
- Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy
- Chromosome analysis (AKA cytogenic studies)
leukemia teaching:
patient with leukemia has temp increase in 1 degree- okay or not okay?
not okay! call provider for 1 degree temp increase with leukemia
what kind of precautions do we put someone on with leukemia?
neutropenic
- Neutropenic diet
- Handwashing, Hand Sanitizing
- Bathe daily
- Vaccinate
- Avoid contact with trash
- Avoid contact with animals
- Avoid houseplants, cut flowers, gardens
- Avoid Humidifiers
- Avoid using Denture cups
- Avoid crowds
3 phases of leukemia treatment
- Induction
- Consolidation
- Maintenance
during the induction phase of leukemia treatment they will do combination therapy- what is it?
7 plus 3
* 7 days of IV cytosine arabinoside
* 3 days anthracycline
- Complications: INFECTION; Liver/Kidney/Cardiac Toxicity; n/v/d/; stomatitis; alopecia
- Infection related deaths more common during this period
what are the consolidation and maintenance phases of leukemia treatment?
conoslidation = chemo early in remission
maintenance = months to years of chemo after consolidation
re leukemia: what is this drug and why do it care- Imatinib mesylate (Gleevac)
First line drug for leukemia
true or false we can treat leukemia with a allogenein hempatopoietic stem cell transplants?
true
- Option increased survival or possible cure
- Risk for mortality
top 2 chemo complications with leukemia
- infection
- poor clotting
what platelet count occurs with which thing:
< ? = risk for *bleeding *
< ? = risk for spontaneous bleeding
< ? = platelet *transfusion *
- < 50,000 High risk for bleeding
- < 20,000 Risk for spontaneous bleed
- < 10,000 Platelet* transfusion*
what platelet count occurs with which thing:
< ? = risk for *bleeding *
< ? = risk for spontaneous bleeding
< ? = platelet *transfusion *
- < 50,000 High risk for bleeding
- < 20,000 Risk for spontaneous bleed
- < 10,000 Platelet transfusion
what is nadir?
Period of greatest bone marrow suppression during chemo
what are the defining charcteristics of multiple myeloma
cancer of mature B lymphocytes (plasma cells) causing :
* excess antibodies
* excess cytokines
* pancytopenia
a cancerous plasma cell is called a ____ cell
myeloma cell
this cancer is specifically linked to herpes virus 8 but also largely unknown causes like all the cancers
multiple myeloma
you will see elevated ____ levels with multiple myeloma but you have to rule out ______
find: urine protein or paraprotein levels
rule out: MGUS
MGUS vs MM
- MM =10% of bone marrow is infiltrated, paraprotein in blood or urine, osteolytic bone lesions (bone changes)
- MGUS = + paraprotein in blood and urine, can turn into MM
top 3 MM findings
bonus question: all the protein will damage what organ down the line?
- Fatigue
- Bone pain
- Bruising
kidneys! glomerulus not happy about all the protein
