IX - Virology Flashcards
All enveloped viruses acquire envelope from plasma membrane except -
Herpesvirus (nuclear membrane)
All viruses are haploid except
Retrovirus
Negative-polarity RNA must be converted to positive-polarity RNA for transcription by this enzyme
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Segmented genone virus
BOAR - Bunya, Orthomyxo, Arena, Reo
Negative-polarity RNA (require polymerase)
Arena, Bunya, Paramyxo, Orhtomyxo, Filo, Rhabdo
Viral phase, single virus enters cell
Phase 0 - Entry
Viral phase, decrease in number of virus
Phase 1 - Decline
Viral phase, no virus detectable
Phase 2 - Eclipse
Viral phase, increase in virus
Phase 3 - Rise
Viral phase, steady number of virus, plateau
Phase 4 - Latent
Viral phase, cytopathic effects, cell death
Phase 5 - Cytopathic effect
Visual or functional effect of virus in cell
Cytopathic effect
Oncogenic effect of virus in cell
Malignant transformation
Cells are infected but appear normal, producing large numbers of virus
Commensal symbiosis
Bind to cytokine, virulence factor
Cytokine decoy
Reduce expression of APCs, virulence factor
Virokines
Gold standard in viral diagnosis
Replication of DNA or RNA thru DNA probe or PCR
Live-attenuated vaccines
MMR, Sabin’s polio, varicella, yellow fever, small pox
Killed vaccines
Rabies, Influenza, Salk Polio, Hep A
All DNA viruses are double stranded except
Parvovirus
All DNA viruses are icosahedral except
Pox virus
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except
Pox virus
All DNA viruses have linear DNA except
Papilloma, Polyoma, Hepdna
Presents with slapped-cheek apperacne, fever, coryza
Erythema infectosum / Fifth Disease (Parvo B19)
Transmission of ParvoB19
Transplacental (fetal hydrops/death), Respiratory
Causes aplastic crisis in pts with sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, spherocytosis
Parvovirus
Only virus with a fiber (penton)
Adenovirus
Spectrum of diease may be conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, atypical pneumonia, hemorrhagic cystitis
Adenovirus
Cowdry B bodies
Adenovirus, Poliovirus
Koilocytes / cytoplasmic inclusion, fried egg apperance in
HPV
Etiology of veruca vulgaris
HPV 1-4
Etiology of condyloma acuminata (anogenital warts)
HPV 6, 11
Most common viral STD
HPV 6, 11
Carcinogenic HPV strains
HPV 16, 18, 31, 33 courtesy of gene E6, E7
Vaccine, HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
Gardacil (Quadrivalent)
Vaccine, HPV 16, 18
Cervarix (Bivalent)
Etiology, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
JC Polyoma
Etiology, hemorrhagic cystitis, nephropathy in immunocompromised
BK Polyoma
Stomatitis, herpes labialis, karatoconjunctivitis
HSV-1
Genital herpes, aseptic meningitis, neonatal herpes
HSV-2
Latency site in HSV-1
Trigeminal ganglia
Latency site in HSV-2
Lumbosacral ganglia
DOC in HSV
Acyclovir
Cowdry A bodies on Tzanck smear
HSV (intranuclear)
Mulinucleated giant cells, intranuclear
VZV
Centrifugal rash at different stages, dewdrop on a rose petal
Varicella
VZV reactivation, postherpetic neuralgia
Herpes zoster
VZV involving geniculate ganglion
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
DOC in VZV
Acyclovir, when severe
Giant cells with owl’s eye intranuclear inclusions
CMV
Most common cause of congenital abnormalities
CMV
Heterophil-negative mononucleosis
CMV
MCC of blindness in HIV pts
CMV (systemic mononucleosis)
DOC in CMV
Gancyclovir (Forscarnet for CMV retinitis)
Kissing disease, heterophil-positive mononucleosis, Downy cells, splenomegaly
EBV
Malignant transormation in EBV
Nasopharyngeal CA, Burkitt lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Malignancy of vascular endothelium, AIDS-defining illness
Kaposi Sarcoma (HHV-8)
Largest virus, Guarnieri bodies, intracytoplasmic
Variola
Henderson-Peterson bodies
Molluscum contagiosum
DOC for molluscum contagiosum
Cifodovir
First vaccine to prevent human cancer was for which virus
Hepa B
DOC for Hep B
Interferon A, Lamivudine
Autoimmune vasculitides in Hepa B
Polyarteritis nodosa
All RNA are single stranded except
Reo, Rota
All RNAs replicate in cytoplasm except
Retrovirus and Influenza
Most common clinical form of polio
Abortive poliomyelitis
Polio vaccine, prevents GI replication, transmission
Sabin (Live)
Vesicular sorethorat/herpangina
Coxsackie
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, vesicles on hands and feet
Coxsackie
MCC of viral myocarditis
Coxsackie
MCC of aseptic meningitis
Coxsackie
Enteric cytopathic human orphan
Echovirus
Common cold, acid-labile, does not cause enteritis
Rhinovirus
Self-limited hepatitis
Hepa A aka Enterovirus 72
MCC of nonbacterial diarrhea in adults
Norwalk/Norovirus
MCC of childhood diarrhea
Rotavirus
Influenza that causes pandemics
Influenza A via shifts
Influenza that causes epidemics
Influenza B via drifts
Influenza spike that binds to receptor
Hemagglutinin
Influenza spike that cleaves nuraminic acid
Neuraminidase
Influenza spikes present in humans
H 1,2,3 N 1,2
DOC in influenza
Oseltamivir
Warthin-Finkeldy bodies (multinucleated giant cells)
Measles
Koplik spots
Measles
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis / Damson disease
Measles
Parotitis, orchitis, meningitis
Mumps
Surface spikes are fusion proteins only
RSV
Most IMPORTANT cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants
RSV
DOC for RSV
Ribavirin
Laryngotracheobroncitis (Croup)
Parainfulenza 1,2
Steeple sign
Parainfulenza 1,2
Animal bite, axonal CNS transport, hypersalivation, laryngospasm, hydrophobia, encephalitis
Rabies
Negri bodies, bullet-shaped
Rabies
Only vaccine routinely used post-exposure is for
Rabies
SARS, non-cavitary ground glass infiltrates
Corona
Influenza-like, breakbone fever, maculopapular rash
Dengue
Most prevalent blood-borne pathogen
Hep C
Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, CA
Hep C
Main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
Hep C
MC indcation for liver transplant
Hep C
German measles, postauricular LAD, polyarthritis
Rubella
Sensorineural deafness, congenital ataracts, PDA, mental retardation, blueberry baby
Rubella
Diploid virus
HIV
HIV, transmembrane protein
p41
HIV, surface protein
p120
HIV, nucleoprotein
p7
HIV, major capsid protein
p24
HIV, outer matrix protein
p17
HIV, p24, p7, p17 gene
gag
HIV, p41, p120 gene
env
HIV, reverse transciptase, protease, integrase gene
pol
HIV protein, rapidly changing antigenic variants
p120
Most common complication of HIV
AIDS (CD4 <200)
Most common AIDS-defining disease
PCP
1 killer in AIDS
pTB
1 cause of blindness in AIDS
CMV
1 cause of meningitis in HIV
Cryptococcus neoformans
1 cause of chronic diarrhea in AIDS
C. parvum
Definitive diagnosis of AIDS
Western blot
HIV prognostication
HIV RNA
Retrovirus causing adult T-cell leukemia
HTLV
MCC of epidemic encephalitis, thalamic infarcts
Japanese B virus
