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PCOL 2 > iv therapy > Flashcards

iv therapy Flashcards

1
Q

These are dissolved minerals in the body fluids

A

Electrolytes

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2
Q

It is the infusion of large amount of fluid into a vein to increase blood volume or supply nourishment.

A

IV Fluid Therapy

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3
Q

They are usually discussed in tandem, especially where IV therapy is concerned, because fluid balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent.

Any change in one alters the other, and any solution given IV can affect a patient’s fluid electrolyte balance.

A

Fluids and Electrolytes

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4
Q

2 main body fluid compartments and their major cations present

A

Intracellular fluid - Potassium (K)
Extracellular fluid - Sodium (Na)

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5
Q

Minerals that are important body constituents

A

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium

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6
Q

It maintains cell structure and function.

It is also vital in the regulation of muscle function especially heart muscles.

A

Potassium

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7
Q

What does Low K produce?

A

Loss of muscle tone
Weakness
Paralysis

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8
Q

What does High K produce?

A

Cardiac Arrhythmia

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9
Q

It maintains normal body fluid.

A

Sodium

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10
Q

Causes Loss of Sodium

A

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Excessive use of Diuretics

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11
Q

Effects of Sodium depletion

A

Blood volume decreases
Blood pressure circulatory collapse

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12
Q

It is associated with the formation of bone

It plays a vital role in muscle contraction and blood coagulation.

A

Calcium

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13
Q

Low calcium produces:

A

Hyperexcitability of nerve and muscle fiber

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14
Q

Excess calcium produces:

A

Muscle weakness that leads to cardiac and respiratory failure.

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15
Q

Of acid-base balance when the pH of the blood is below 7.4

A

Acidosis

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16
Q

Disturbance of acid-base balance, when the pH of the blood is above 7.4

A

Alkalosis

17
Q

Normal pH of the Blood

A

7.4

18
Q

It is described as excessive loss of bases such as bicarbonate (H2CO3) and Sodium (Na)

  • Cause in diarrhea, starvation, or diabetic coma
A

Metabolic Acidosis

19
Q

Treatment for Metabolic Acidosis

A

Administer Sodium bicarbonate with fluid electrolyte

20
Q

It is described as increase levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) that would interfere with respiratory gas exchange.

A

Respiratory Acidosis

21
Q

It is caused by excessive loss of potassium (K) and chloride (Cl)

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

22
Q

Diarrhea - caused by potassium (K) loss
Severe vomiting - caused by loss of chloride

A
23
Q

Refers to low CO2 level in the blood

It is produced by hyperventilation (salicylate) poisoning or artificial respirator

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

24
Q

Used for Fluid and electrolyte replacement (Na,Cl)

A

Sodium Chloride 0.45%
Sodium Chloride 0.9%

25
Q

Saline Solutions

A

Sodium Chloride 0.45%
Sodium Chloride 0.9%

26
Q

Dextrose in Saline Solutions

A

5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline
5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
10% Dextrose in 0.9 Saline

27
Q

Used for fluid electrolyte replacement, provides carbohydrate calories

A

5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline

5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
10% Dextrose in 0.9 Saline

28
Q

Plasma Volume Dextrose in Water

A

5, 10, 20, and 50% Dextrose in Water

29
Q

Used for fluid replacement, provides carbohydrate calories

A

5,10, 20 and 50% dextrose in water

30
Q

Multiple Electrolyte Solutions

A

Ringer’s Solution
Lactated Ringer’s Solution

31
Q

Use: Fluid and electrolyte (na, Cl, k, Ca)

A

Ringer’s Solution

32
Q

Same as ringer’s plus lactate which
provides buffer action on acidosis.

A

Lactated Ringer’s Solution

33
Q

Plasma Expanders

A

10% dextran 40 in 0.9% saline
Parenteral Nutrition

34
Q

Increase plasma volume when hypovolemia is present

A

10% dextran 40 in 0.9% saline

35
Q

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is also known as:

A

Intravenous or IV nutrition feeding, or hyperalimentation

36
Q

It is a method of getting nutrition into the body through the veins. In other words, it provides nutrients for patients who do not have a functioning GI tract or who have disorders requiring complete bowel rest.

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

37
Q

It provides patients with all or most calories and nutrients through solutions that contain a mixture of protein,
carbohydrates, glucose, fat vitamins and minerals using vascular access
devices like PICC lines.

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition

38
Q

TPN contains a mixture of:

A

Protein
Carbohydrates
Glucose
Fat Vitamins and Minerals

39
Q

c

A

PCOL 2 (8 decks)

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