iv therapy Flashcards
These are dissolved minerals in the body fluids
Electrolytes
It is the infusion of large amount of fluid into a vein to increase blood volume or supply nourishment.
IV Fluid Therapy
They are usually discussed in tandem, especially where IV therapy is concerned, because fluid balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent.
Any change in one alters the other, and any solution given IV can affect a patient’s fluid electrolyte balance.
Fluids and Electrolytes
2 main body fluid compartments and their major cations present
Intracellular fluid - Potassium (K)
Extracellular fluid - Sodium (Na)
Minerals that are important body constituents
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
It maintains cell structure and function.
It is also vital in the regulation of muscle function especially heart muscles.
Potassium
What does Low K produce?
Loss of muscle tone
Weakness
Paralysis
What does High K produce?
Cardiac Arrhythmia
It maintains normal body fluid.
Sodium
Causes Loss of Sodium
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Excessive use of Diuretics
Effects of Sodium depletion
Blood volume decreases
Blood pressure circulatory collapse
It is associated with the formation of bone
It plays a vital role in muscle contraction and blood coagulation.
Calcium
Low calcium produces:
Hyperexcitability of nerve and muscle fiber
Excess calcium produces:
Muscle weakness that leads to cardiac and respiratory failure.
Of acid-base balance when the pH of the blood is below 7.4
Acidosis
Disturbance of acid-base balance, when the pH of the blood is above 7.4
Alkalosis
Normal pH of the Blood
7.4
It is described as excessive loss of bases such as bicarbonate (H2CO3) and Sodium (Na)
- Cause in diarrhea, starvation, or diabetic coma
Metabolic Acidosis
Treatment for Metabolic Acidosis
Administer Sodium bicarbonate with fluid electrolyte
It is described as increase levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) that would interfere with respiratory gas exchange.
Respiratory Acidosis
It is caused by excessive loss of potassium (K) and chloride (Cl)
Metabolic Alkalosis
Diarrhea - caused by potassium (K) loss
Severe vomiting - caused by loss of chloride
Refers to low CO2 level in the blood
It is produced by hyperventilation (salicylate) poisoning or artificial respirator
Respiratory Alkalosis
Used for Fluid and electrolyte replacement (Na,Cl)
Sodium Chloride 0.45%
Sodium Chloride 0.9%
Saline Solutions
Sodium Chloride 0.45%
Sodium Chloride 0.9%
Dextrose in Saline Solutions
5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline
5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
10% Dextrose in 0.9 Saline
Used for fluid electrolyte replacement, provides carbohydrate calories
5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline
5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline
10% Dextrose in 0.9 Saline
Plasma Volume Dextrose in Water
5, 10, 20, and 50% Dextrose in Water
Used for fluid replacement, provides carbohydrate calories
5,10, 20 and 50% dextrose in water
Multiple Electrolyte Solutions
Ringer’s Solution
Lactated Ringer’s Solution
Use: Fluid and electrolyte (na, Cl, k, Ca)
Ringer’s Solution
Same as ringer’s plus lactate which
provides buffer action on acidosis.
Lactated Ringer’s Solution
Plasma Expanders
10% dextran 40 in 0.9% saline
Parenteral Nutrition
Increase plasma volume when hypovolemia is present
10% dextran 40 in 0.9% saline
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is also known as:
Intravenous or IV nutrition feeding, or hyperalimentation
It is a method of getting nutrition into the body through the veins. In other words, it provides nutrients for patients who do not have a functioning GI tract or who have disorders requiring complete bowel rest.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
It provides patients with all or most calories and nutrients through solutions that contain a mixture of protein,
carbohydrates, glucose, fat vitamins and minerals using vascular access
devices like PICC lines.
Total Parenteral Nutrition
TPN contains a mixture of:
Protein
Carbohydrates
Glucose
Fat Vitamins and Minerals
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