iv therapy

Question 1

These are dissolved minerals in the body fluids

Answer 1

Electrolytes

Question 2

It is the infusion of large amount of fluid into a vein to increase blood volume or supply nourishment.

Answer 2

IV Fluid Therapy

Question 3

They are usually discussed in tandem, especially where IV therapy is concerned, because fluid balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent.

Any change in one alters the other, and any solution given IV can affect a patient’s fluid electrolyte balance.

Answer 3

Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 4

2 main body fluid compartments and their major cations present

Answer 4

Intracellular fluid - Potassium (K)
Extracellular fluid - Sodium (Na)

Question 5

Minerals that are important body constituents

Answer 5

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium

Question 6

It maintains cell structure and function.

It is also vital in the regulation of muscle function especially heart muscles.

Answer 6

Potassium

Question 7

What does Low K produce?

Answer 7

Loss of muscle tone
Weakness
Paralysis

Question 8

What does High K produce?

Answer 8

Cardiac Arrhythmia

Question 9

It maintains normal body fluid.

Answer 9

Sodium

Question 10

Causes Loss of Sodium

Answer 10

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Excessive use of Diuretics

Question 11

Effects of Sodium depletion

Answer 11

Blood volume decreases
Blood pressure circulatory collapse

Question 12

It is associated with the formation of bone

It plays a vital role in muscle contraction and blood coagulation.

Answer 12

Calcium

Question 13

Low calcium produces:

Answer 13

Hyperexcitability of nerve and muscle fiber

Question 14

Excess calcium produces:

Answer 14

Muscle weakness that leads to cardiac and respiratory failure.

Question 15

Of acid-base balance when the pH of the blood is below 7.4

Answer 15

Acidosis

Question 16

Disturbance of acid-base balance, when the pH of the blood is above 7.4

Answer 16

Alkalosis

Question 17

Normal pH of the Blood

Answer 17

7.4

Question 18

It is described as excessive loss of bases such as bicarbonate (H2CO3) and Sodium (Na)

• Cause in diarrhea, starvation, or diabetic coma

Answer 18

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 19

Treatment for Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 19

Administer Sodium bicarbonate with fluid electrolyte

Question 20

It is described as increase levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) that would interfere with respiratory gas exchange.

Answer 20

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 21

It is caused by excessive loss of potassium (K) and chloride (Cl)

Answer 21

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 22

Diarrhea - caused by potassium (K) loss
Severe vomiting - caused by loss of chloride

Question 23

Refers to low CO2 level in the blood

It is produced by hyperventilation (salicylate) poisoning or artificial respirator

Answer 23

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 24

Used for Fluid and electrolyte replacement (Na,Cl)

Answer 24

Sodium Chloride 0.45%
Sodium Chloride 0.9%

Question 25

Saline Solutions

Answer 25

Sodium Chloride 0.45% Sodium Chloride 0.9%

Question 26

Dextrose in Saline Solutions

Answer 26

5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline 10% Dextrose in 0.9 Saline

Question 27

Used for fluid electrolyte replacement, provides carbohydrate calories

Answer 27

5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline 10% Dextrose in 0.9 Saline

Question 28

Plasma Volume Dextrose in Water

Answer 28

5, 10, 20, and 50% Dextrose in Water

Question 29

Used for fluid replacement, provides carbohydrate calories

Answer 29

5,10, 20 and 50% dextrose in water

Question 30

Multiple Electrolyte Solutions

Answer 30

Ringer’s Solution Lactated Ringer’s Solution

Question 31

Use: Fluid and electrolyte (na, Cl, k, Ca)

Answer 31

Ringer’s Solution

Question 32

Same as ringer’s plus lactate which provides buffer action on acidosis.

Answer 32

Lactated Ringer’s Solution

Question 33

Plasma Expanders

Answer 33

10% dextran 40 in 0.9% saline Parenteral Nutrition

Question 34

Increase plasma volume when hypovolemia is present

Answer 34

10% dextran 40 in 0.9% saline

Question 35

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is also known as:

Answer 35

Intravenous or IV nutrition feeding, or hyperalimentation

Question 36

It is a method of getting nutrition into the body through the veins. In other words, it provides nutrients for patients who do not have a functioning GI tract or who have disorders requiring complete bowel rest.

Answer 36

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Question 37

It provides patients with all or most calories and nutrients through solutions that contain a mixture of protein, carbohydrates, glucose, fat vitamins and minerals using vascular access devices like PICC lines.

Answer 37

Total Parenteral Nutrition

Question 38

TPN contains a mixture of:

Answer 38

Protein Carbohydrates Glucose Fat Vitamins and Minerals

Question 39

c