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GIT Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

The Digestive Tract is sometimes known as

A

Gastrointestinal Tract

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2
Q

In digestion, food and drink are broken down into small parts (called nutrients) that the body can absorb and use as energy and building blocks for cells.

A

Gastrointestinal disorders include such conditions as constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, perianal abscesses, anal fistulas, perianal infections, diverticular diseases, colitis, colon polyps and cancer.

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3
Q

Common medical conditions involving the GIT

A

• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Chemotherapy-induced emesis

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4
Q

It is loose, watery stools (bowel movements) or an increased frequency and decrease consistency of fecal discharge.

A

Diarrhea

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5
Q

You have diarrhea if you have loose stools three or more times in one day.
True or False

A

True

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6
Q

It is a diarrhea that lasts a short time. It is a common problem. It usually lasts about one or two days, but it may last longer.

A

Acute Diarrhea

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7
Q

Symptoms of Diarrhea

A

Dehydration

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8
Q

It is to eject matter from the stomach through the mouth.

A

Vomiting

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9
Q

Factors that promote diarrhea

A

• Acute GI Infections
• Drugs like Antacids, Antibiotics, Autonomic drugs, Colchicine, Iron, laxatives
• Bile salts malabsorption
• Chronic gastroenteritis resulting from
Anemia, Diabetes, Neuropathies
• Emotional stress
• Colon disorders, Colitis

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10
Q

It prevents dehydration

A

Oral rehydration salts / Oral Glucose - Electrolyte Solution (Oresol)

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11
Q

Oral rehydration salts/ Oral Glucose-Electrolyte Solution (Oresol) contains

A

Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Glucose and Citrate (245 mOsm/L)

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12
Q

Antimotility Agents

A

Opioids: Diphenoxylate (+atropine), Loperamide, Paregoric, Opium tincture, Difenoxin (metabolite of diphenoxylate)

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13
Q

Adsorbents

A

Kaolin-Pectin mixture
Polycarbophil
Attapulgite

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14
Q

Treatment and prevention of traveler’s diarrhea

A

Bismuth Sub salicylate

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15
Q

Antisecretory Drugs

A

• Bismuth Sub salicylate
• Enzymes (lactase)
• Bacterial Replacement (lactobacillus)

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16
Q

An analog of somatostatin, blocks the release of serotonin

It is for patients with carcinoid tumors (secretes serotonin)

A

Octreotide

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17
Q

Refers to infrequent bowel movements or difficult passage of stools that persists for several weeks or longer.

A

Chronic Constipation

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18
Q

It is generally described as having fewer than three bowel movements a week.

A

Constipation

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19
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Constipation

A

• Abdominal pain
• Bloating
• Distension
• Changes in the frequency or consistency of stools
• Aging
• Change of routine
• Overuse of laxatives

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20
Q

They draw water into the colon to allow easier passage of stool.

A

Oral osmotic

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21
Q

Side Effects of Oral osmotic (Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia, Miralax)

A

Bloating
Cramping
Diarrhea
Nausea
Gas
Increased thirst

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22
Q

Absorb water to form soft, bulky stool, prompting normal contraction of intestinal muscles

A

Oral bulk formers

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23
Q

Side Effects of Oral bulk formers

A

Bloating
Gas
Cramping
Increased constipation if not taken with enough water

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24
Q

Add moisture to stool to allow strain-free bowel movements

A

Oral Stool Softeners

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25
Examples of Oral Stool Softener
• Colace • Surfak
26
Examples or Oral Bulk Formers
• Benefiber • Citrucel • FiberCon • Metamucil
27
Examples of Oral osmotics
• Phillips' Milk of Magnesia • Miralax
28
SE of Oral Stool Softener
Electrolyte imbalance with prolonged use
29
Trigger rhythmic contractions of intestinal muscles to eliminate stool
Oral Stimulants
30
Examples of Oral Stimulants
• Dulcolax • Senokot
31
SE of Oral Stimulants
Belching Cramping Diarrhea Nausea Urine discoloration with senna and cascara derivatives
32
Trigger rhythmic contractions of intestinal muscles and soften stool
Rectal Suppositories
33
Examples of Rectal Suppositories
• Dulcolax • Pedia-Lax
34
SE of Rectal Suppositories
Rectal irritation Diarrhea Cramping
35
Most Common Forms of Ulcer
1. Helicobacter pylori-associated ulcers 2. NSAID-induced ulcers 3. Stress ulcers
36
Signs and Symptoms of Ulcer
Epigastric burning pain Nocturnal pain
37
It is relieved by food
Duodenal Ulcer
38
It worsens with food
Gastric Ulcer
39
Diagnosis for Peptic Ulcer
• Upper GI endoscopy or radiography • Endoscopic-mucosal biopsy for culture , histology or urese • Non-endoscopic-serologic antibody detection test
40
It neutralizes gastric acid
Antacids
41
Examples of Antacid
- Aluminum hydroxide - Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of magnesia/ MOM) - Calcium carbonate - Sodium carbonate (baking soda)
42
SE of Aluminum
Constipation
43
SE of Magnesium
Diarrhea
44
SE of Sodium
Fluid Retention
45
SE of HCO3
Alkalosis
46
SE of Calcium
Kidney Stones
47
Interactions: Al, Mg, Ca+ Tetracycline/ Fluroquinolones
48
Histamine congeners
H2-Receptor Antagonists
49
Examples of H2-Receptor Antagonists
Cimetidine Ranitidine Famotidine Nizatidine
50
Examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors
Omeprazole Lansoprazole Esomeprazole Pantoprazole Rabeprazole
51
It inhibits H+/K+ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells It degrades in acidic environment, formulated as delayed-release capsules
Proton Pump Inhibitors
52
Examples of Prostglandins
Misoprostol PGE, analog
53
It prevents NSAID-induced ulcer, abortifacient
Prostaglandins
54
aluminum salt of sucrose
Sucralfate
55
It is also anti-H.pylori
Colloidal Bismuth Subnitrate
56
Examples of Mucosal Protectants
• Sucralfate • Octa sulfate • Colloidal Bismuth Subnitrate
57
Regimens to eradicate H.Pylori
• PPI-Based 3-drug Regimen • Bismuth-Based 4-drug Regimen
58
PPI-based 3 –drug regimen
PPI + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin or Metronidazole 10 to 14 days
59
Bismuth –based 4-drug-regimen
PPI + Subsalicylate + Metronidazole + Tetracycline or Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin 7 days
60
Retrograde movement of gastric contents from the stomach into the esophagus. It is caused by defective lower esophageal sphincter pressure and function.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]
61
Signs and Symptoms of GERD
Heartburn or Pyrosis
62
Complications of GERD
Esophagitis Esophageal CA
63
Diagnosis GERD
Endoscopy Omeprazole trial Esophageal manometry
64
It is used to assess the mucosa 25 hr. ambulatory pH monitoring
Endoscopy
65
for candidates of antireflux surgery
Esophageal Manometry
66
GERD Treatment
Phase I: Lifestyle changes and antacids and/or low dose H2RAs or PPIs Phase II: High dose H2RAs or PPIs Phase III: Surgery
67
It is triggered by impulse to the vomiting center in the medulla - Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) associated with chemically induced vomiting (ex: chemotherapy)
Vomiting
68
It blocks serotonin receptor on sensory vagal fibers in the gut wall
Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors
69
Examples of Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors
Ondansetron Granisetron Dolasetron Palonosetron
70
Examples of Cannabinoids
Marijuana Nabilone Dronabinol
71
It is used in chemotherapy induced vomiting
Corticosteroids
72
SE of Corticosteroids
Mood changes Hyperglycemia
73
Example of Corticosteroids
Dexamethasone
74
Example of Benzodiazepines
Lorazepam
75
Example of Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist
Aprepitant
76
GI symptoms and disease are common in ____ patients and may significantly impact quality of life and nutritional status.
Chronic Kidney Disease [CKD]
77
GI disorders may range from mild symptoms such as ___ to life threatening ailments such as ___.
dysquesia hemorrhage

PCOL 2 (11 decks)

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