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PCOL 2 > GIT Drugs > Flashcards

GIT Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

The Digestive Tract is sometimes known as

A

Gastrointestinal Tract

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2
Q

In digestion, food and drink are broken down into small parts (called nutrients) that the body can absorb and use as energy and building blocks for cells.

A

Gastrointestinal disorders include such conditions as constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, perianal abscesses, anal fistulas, perianal infections, diverticular diseases, colitis, colon polyps and cancer.

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3
Q

Common medical conditions involving the GIT

A

• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Chemotherapy-induced emesis

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4
Q

It is loose, watery stools (bowel movements) or an increased frequency and decrease consistency of fecal discharge.

A

Diarrhea

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5
Q

You have diarrhea if you have loose stools three or more times in one day.
True or False

A

True

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6
Q

It is a diarrhea that lasts a short time. It is a common problem. It usually lasts about one or two days, but it may last longer.

A

Acute Diarrhea

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7
Q

Symptoms of Diarrhea

A

Dehydration

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8
Q

It is to eject matter from the stomach through the mouth.

A

Vomiting

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9
Q

Factors that promote diarrhea

A

• Acute GI Infections
• Drugs like Antacids, Antibiotics, Autonomic drugs, Colchicine, Iron, laxatives
• Bile salts malabsorption
• Chronic gastroenteritis resulting from
Anemia, Diabetes, Neuropathies
• Emotional stress
• Colon disorders, Colitis

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10
Q

It prevents dehydration

A

Oral rehydration salts / Oral Glucose - Electrolyte Solution (Oresol)

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11
Q

Oral rehydration salts/ Oral Glucose-Electrolyte Solution (Oresol) contains

A

Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Glucose and Citrate (245 mOsm/L)

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12
Q

Antimotility Agents

A

Opioids: Diphenoxylate (+atropine), Loperamide, Paregoric, Opium tincture, Difenoxin (metabolite of diphenoxylate)

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13
Q

Adsorbents

A

Kaolin-Pectin mixture
Polycarbophil
Attapulgite

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14
Q

Treatment and prevention of traveler’s diarrhea

A

Bismuth Sub salicylate

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15
Q

Antisecretory Drugs

A

• Bismuth Sub salicylate
• Enzymes (lactase)
• Bacterial Replacement (lactobacillus)

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16
Q

An analog of somatostatin, blocks the release of serotonin

It is for patients with carcinoid tumors (secretes serotonin)

A

Octreotide

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17
Q

Refers to infrequent bowel movements or difficult passage of stools that persists for several weeks or longer.

A

Chronic Constipation

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18
Q

It is generally described as having fewer than three bowel movements a week.

A

Constipation

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19
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Constipation

A

• Abdominal pain
• Bloating
• Distension
• Changes in the frequency or consistency of stools
• Aging
• Change of routine
• Overuse of laxatives

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20
Q

They draw water into the colon to allow easier passage of stool.

A

Oral osmotic

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21
Q

Side Effects of Oral osmotic (Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia, Miralax)

A

Bloating
Cramping
Diarrhea
Nausea
Gas
Increased thirst

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22
Q

Absorb water to form soft, bulky stool, prompting normal contraction of intestinal muscles

A

Oral bulk formers

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23
Q

Side Effects of Oral bulk formers

A

Bloating
Gas
Cramping
Increased constipation if not taken with enough water

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24
Q

Add moisture to stool to allow strain-free bowel movements

A

Oral Stool Softeners

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25
Q

Examples of Oral Stool Softener

A

• Colace
• Surfak

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26
Q

Examples or Oral Bulk Formers

A

• Benefiber
• Citrucel
• FiberCon
• Metamucil

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27
Q

Examples of Oral osmotics

A

• Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia
• Miralax

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28
Q

SE of Oral Stool Softener

A

Electrolyte imbalance with prolonged use

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29
Q

Trigger rhythmic contractions of intestinal muscles to eliminate stool

A

Oral Stimulants

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30
Q

Examples of Oral Stimulants

A

• Dulcolax
• Senokot

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31
Q

SE of Oral Stimulants

A

Belching
Cramping
Diarrhea
Nausea
Urine discoloration with senna and cascara derivatives

32
Q

Trigger rhythmic contractions of intestinal muscles and soften stool

A

Rectal Suppositories

33
Q

Examples of Rectal Suppositories

A

• Dulcolax
• Pedia-Lax

34
Q

SE of Rectal Suppositories

A

Rectal irritation
Diarrhea
Cramping

35
Q

Most Common Forms of Ulcer

A
  1. Helicobacter pylori-associated ulcers 2. NSAID-induced ulcers
  2. Stress ulcers
36
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Ulcer

A

Epigastric burning pain
Nocturnal pain

37
Q

It is relieved by food

A

Duodenal Ulcer

38
Q

It worsens with food

A

Gastric Ulcer

39
Q

Diagnosis for Peptic Ulcer

A

• Upper GI endoscopy or radiography
• Endoscopic-mucosal biopsy for culture , histology or urese
• Non-endoscopic-serologic antibody detection test

40
Q

It neutralizes gastric acid

A

Antacids

41
Q

Examples of Antacid

A
  • Aluminum hydroxide
  • Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of magnesia/ MOM)
  • Calcium carbonate
  • Sodium carbonate (baking soda)
42
Q

SE of Aluminum

A

Constipation

43
Q

SE of Magnesium

A

Diarrhea

44
Q

SE of Sodium

A

Fluid Retention

45
Q

SE of HCO3

A

Alkalosis

46
Q

SE of Calcium

A

Kidney Stones

47
Q

Interactions: Al, Mg, Ca+ Tetracycline/ Fluroquinolones

A
48
Q

Histamine congeners

A

H2-Receptor Antagonists

49
Q

Examples of H2-Receptor Antagonists

A

Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine

50
Q

Examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
Esomeprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole

51
Q

It inhibits H+/K+ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells

It degrades in acidic environment, formulated as delayed-release capsules

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors

52
Q

Examples of Prostglandins

A

Misoprostol
PGE, analog

53
Q

It prevents NSAID-induced ulcer, abortifacient

A

Prostaglandins

54
Q

aluminum salt of sucrose

A

Sucralfate

55
Q

It is also anti-H.pylori

A

Colloidal Bismuth Subnitrate

56
Q

Examples of Mucosal Protectants

A

• Sucralfate
• Octa sulfate
• Colloidal Bismuth Subnitrate

57
Q

Regimens to eradicate H.Pylori

A

• PPI-Based 3-drug Regimen
• Bismuth-Based 4-drug Regimen

58
Q

PPI-based 3 –drug regimen

A

PPI + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin or Metronidazole

10 to 14 days

59
Q

Bismuth –based 4-drug-regimen

A

PPI + Subsalicylate + Metronidazole + Tetracycline or Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin

7 days

60
Q

Retrograde movement of gastric contents from the stomach into the esophagus.

It is caused by defective lower esophageal sphincter pressure and function.

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [GERD]

61
Q

Signs and Symptoms of GERD

A

Heartburn or Pyrosis

62
Q

Complications of GERD

A

Esophagitis
Esophageal CA

63
Q

Diagnosis GERD

A

Endoscopy
Omeprazole trial
Esophageal manometry

64
Q

It is used to assess the mucosa 25 hr. ambulatory pH monitoring

A

Endoscopy

65
Q

for candidates of antireflux surgery

A

Esophageal Manometry

66
Q

GERD Treatment

A

Phase I: Lifestyle changes and antacids and/or low dose H2RAs or PPIs

Phase II: High dose H2RAs or PPIs

Phase III: Surgery

67
Q

It is triggered by impulse to the vomiting center in the medulla

  • Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) associated with chemically induced
    vomiting (ex: chemotherapy)
A

Vomiting

68
Q

It blocks serotonin receptor on sensory vagal fibers in the gut wall

A

Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors

69
Q

Examples of Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors

A

Ondansetron
Granisetron
Dolasetron
Palonosetron

70
Q

Examples of Cannabinoids

A

Marijuana
Nabilone
Dronabinol

71
Q

It is used in chemotherapy induced vomiting

A

Corticosteroids

72
Q

SE of Corticosteroids

A

Mood changes
Hyperglycemia

73
Q

Example of Corticosteroids

A

Dexamethasone

74
Q

Example of Benzodiazepines

A

Lorazepam

75
Q

Example of Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist

A

Aprepitant

76
Q

GI symptoms and disease are common in ____ patients and may significantly impact quality of life and nutritional status.

A

Chronic Kidney Disease [CKD]

77
Q

GI disorders may range from mild symptoms such as ___ to life threatening ailments such as ___.

A

dysquesia

hemorrhage

PCOL 2 (11 decks)

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