hyperlipidemia Flashcards
A disease when blood has too many lipids (or fats), such as cholesterol and triglycerides.
Hyperlipidemia
A condition when there is too much LDL (bad) cholesterol in your blood. This condition increases fatty deposits in arteries and the risk of blockages.
Hypercholesterolemia
It is a fatty substance that travels through your bloodstream on proteins called lipoproteins.
Cholesterol
When you have too much cholesterol in your blood, it can build up on the walls of your blood vessels and form plaque.
Over time, plaque deposits grow larger and begin to clog up your arteries, which can lead to heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.
A dietary lipid normally synthesized in the body
Cholesterol
abnormally high lipid levels in the plasma
Hyperlipidemia
drug used to lower plasma lipid levels
Hypolipidemic
protein found in the plasma that transport triglycerides and cholesterol
Lipoprotein
A dietary lipid normally used by the body.
Triglyceride
h lipid levels in the body is correlated with Coronary heart disease (CHD)
LDL and HDL levels that can cause CHD
Increased LDL
Decreased HDL
It is called “bad” cholesterol
because a high level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries.
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL - C)
It is called “good” cholesterol because
it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver.
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL - C)
Other factors that cause CHD:
Cigarette smoking
Hypertension
Obesity
Diabetes
Treatment goal for Hyperlipidemia
Reduction of LDL-C
Treatment Option for Hyperlipidemia: Non-drug treatment
Lifestyle changes such as:
Diet
Exercise
Weight reduction
Drugs Class Used for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Niacin
Fibrates
Bile-Acid-Binding Resins
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Examples of Statins
Atorvastatin
Fluvastatin
Lovastatin
Pita vastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin
an enzyme that is a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol
HMG CoA Reductase
These drugs inhibit the HMG CoA .(3-hydroxy, 3-methylglutaryl co-enzyme A) reductase, an enzyme that is a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol.
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
These drugs lower an elevated LDL-C, a bad cholesterol.
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
First-line treatment for patients with elevated risk of ASCVD ( Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease)
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Used in the treatment of familial hyperlipidemia
Niacin
Useful also in treatment of hypercholesterolemia, in combination with other agents.
Niacin
At gram doses, it strongly INHIBITS LIPOLYSIS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE, thereby reducing production of free fatty acids. The liver normally uses circulating free fatty acids as a major precursor for triglyceride synthesis.
Niacin
The liver normally uses ______ as a major precursor for triglyceride synthesis.
circulating free fatty acids
Examples of Fibrates
Gemfibrozil
Fenofibrate
Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate are derivatives of _____ that lower serum triglycerides and increase HDL levels.
fibric acid
Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate are derivatives of fibric acid that:
lower serum triglycerides and increase HDL levels
Examples of Bile-Acid-Binding Resins
Colesevelam
Colestipol
Cholestyramine
These are synthesized from cholesterol and released into duodenum as a part of bile.
bile salts
The main function of bile salts
to aid in the absorption of dietary fats
It is an ion-exchange resin that combines with the bile salts and cholesterol in the GIT.
This binding prevents the absorption of the bile salts and cholesterol. The result is an increased elimination of bile salts, cholesterol, and other fats in the feces.
Cholestyramine
Example of Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Ezetimibe
Inhibits absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol in the small intestine,
leading to a decrease in the delivery of intestinal cholesterol to the liver.
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Examples of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Docosahexaenoic acid
Eicosatetraenoic acid
These are PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) found in marine sources like
tuna, salmon, halibut.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
It inhibits VLDL and triglyceride synthesis in the liver.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
fluid form of blood
plasma
protein in the blood that transports cholesterol to the cell
lipoprotein
the organ that synthesizes cholesterol
liver
HMG CoA meaning
Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A
an enzyme that converts food to cholesterol
HMG CoA Reductase
