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PCOL 2 > hyperlipidemia > Flashcards

hyperlipidemia Flashcards

1
Q

A disease when blood has too many lipids (or fats), such as cholesterol and triglycerides.

A

Hyperlipidemia

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2
Q

A condition when there is too much LDL (bad) cholesterol in your blood. This condition increases fatty deposits in arteries and the risk of blockages.

A

Hypercholesterolemia

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3
Q

It is a fatty substance that travels through your bloodstream on proteins called lipoproteins.

A

Cholesterol

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4
Q

When you have too much cholesterol in your blood, it can build up on the walls of your blood vessels and form plaque.

Over time, plaque deposits grow larger and begin to clog up your arteries, which can lead to heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.

A
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5
Q

A dietary lipid normally synthesized in the body

A

Cholesterol

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6
Q

abnormally high lipid levels in the plasma

A

Hyperlipidemia

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7
Q

drug used to lower plasma lipid levels

A

Hypolipidemic

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8
Q

protein found in the plasma that transport triglycerides and cholesterol

A

Lipoprotein

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9
Q

A dietary lipid normally used by the body.

A

Triglyceride

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10
Q

h lipid levels in the body is correlated with Coronary heart disease (CHD)

A
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11
Q

LDL and HDL levels that can cause CHD

A

Increased LDL
Decreased HDL

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12
Q

It is called “bad” cholesterol
because a high level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries.

A

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL - C)

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13
Q

It is called “good” cholesterol because
it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver.

A

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL - C)

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14
Q

Other factors that cause CHD:

A

Cigarette smoking
Hypertension
Obesity
Diabetes

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15
Q

Treatment goal for Hyperlipidemia

A

Reduction of LDL-C

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16
Q

Treatment Option for Hyperlipidemia: Non-drug treatment

A

Lifestyle changes such as:
Diet
Exercise
Weight reduction

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17
Q

Drugs Class Used for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

A

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Niacin
Fibrates
Bile-Acid-Binding Resins
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Omega-3 Fatty Acids

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18
Q

Examples of Statins

A

Atorvastatin
Fluvastatin
Lovastatin
Pita vastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

19
Q

an enzyme that is a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol

A

HMG CoA Reductase

20
Q

These drugs inhibit the HMG CoA .(3-hydroxy, 3-methylglutaryl co-enzyme A) reductase, an enzyme that is a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol.

A

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

21
Q

These drugs lower an elevated LDL-C, a bad cholesterol.

A

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

22
Q

First-line treatment for patients with elevated risk of ASCVD ( Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease)

A

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

23
Q

Used in the treatment of familial hyperlipidemia

A

Niacin

24
Q

Useful also in treatment of hypercholesterolemia, in combination with other agents.

A

Niacin

25
Q

At gram doses, it strongly INHIBITS LIPOLYSIS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE, thereby reducing production of free fatty acids. The liver normally uses circulating free fatty acids as a major precursor for triglyceride synthesis.

A

Niacin

26
Q

The liver normally uses ______ as a major precursor for triglyceride synthesis.

A

circulating free fatty acids

27
Q

Examples of Fibrates

A

Gemfibrozil
Fenofibrate

28
Q

Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate are derivatives of _____ that lower serum triglycerides and increase HDL levels.

A

fibric acid

29
Q

Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate are derivatives of fibric acid that:

A

lower serum triglycerides and increase HDL levels

30
Q

Examples of Bile-Acid-Binding Resins

A

Colesevelam
Colestipol
Cholestyramine

31
Q

These are synthesized from cholesterol and released into duodenum as a part of bile.

A

bile salts

32
Q

The main function of bile salts

A

to aid in the absorption of dietary fats

33
Q

It is an ion-exchange resin that combines with the bile salts and cholesterol in the GIT.

This binding prevents the absorption of the bile salts and cholesterol. The result is an increased elimination of bile salts, cholesterol, and other fats in the feces.

A

Cholestyramine

34
Q

Example of Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

A

Ezetimibe

35
Q

Inhibits absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol in the small intestine,
leading to a decrease in the delivery of intestinal cholesterol to the liver.

A

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

36
Q

Examples of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

A

Docosahexaenoic acid
Eicosatetraenoic acid

37
Q

These are PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) found in marine sources like
tuna, salmon, halibut.

A

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

38
Q

It inhibits VLDL and triglyceride synthesis in the liver.

A

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

39
Q

fluid form of blood

A

plasma

40
Q

protein in the blood that transports cholesterol to the cell

A

lipoprotein

41
Q

the organ that synthesizes cholesterol

A

liver

42
Q

HMG CoA meaning

A

Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A

43
Q

an enzyme that converts food to cholesterol

A

HMG CoA Reductase

PCOL 2 (8 decks)

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