hyperlipidemia

Question 1

A disease when blood has too many lipids (or fats), such as cholesterol and triglycerides.

Answer 1

Hyperlipidemia

Question 2

A condition when there is too much LDL (bad) cholesterol in your blood. This condition increases fatty deposits in arteries and the risk of blockages.

Answer 2

Hypercholesterolemia

Question 3

It is a fatty substance that travels through your bloodstream on proteins called lipoproteins.

Answer 3

Cholesterol

Question 4

When you have too much cholesterol in your blood, it can build up on the walls of your blood vessels and form plaque.

Over time, plaque deposits grow larger and begin to clog up your arteries, which can lead to heart disease, heart attack, and stroke.

Question 5

A dietary lipid normally synthesized in the body

Answer 5

Cholesterol

Question 6

abnormally high lipid levels in the plasma

Answer 6

Hyperlipidemia

Question 7

drug used to lower plasma lipid levels

Answer 7

Hypolipidemic

Question 8

protein found in the plasma that transport triglycerides and cholesterol

Answer 8

Lipoprotein

Question 9

A dietary lipid normally used by the body.

Answer 9

Triglyceride

Question 10

h lipid levels in the body is correlated with Coronary heart disease (CHD)

Question 11

LDL and HDL levels that can cause CHD

Answer 11

Increased LDL
Decreased HDL

Question 12

It is called “bad” cholesterol
because a high level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries.

Answer 12

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL - C)

Question 13

It is called “good” cholesterol because
it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver.

Answer 13

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL - C)

Question 14

Other factors that cause CHD:

Answer 14

Cigarette smoking
Hypertension
Obesity
Diabetes

Question 15

Treatment goal for Hyperlipidemia

Answer 15

Reduction of LDL-C

Question 16

Treatment Option for Hyperlipidemia: Non-drug treatment

Answer 16

Lifestyle changes such as:
Diet
Exercise
Weight reduction

Question 17

Drugs Class Used for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

Answer 17

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
Niacin
Fibrates
Bile-Acid-Binding Resins
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Question 18

Examples of Statins

Answer 18

Atorvastatin
Fluvastatin
Lovastatin
Pita vastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin
Simvastatin

Question 19

an enzyme that is a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol

Answer 19

HMG CoA Reductase

Question 20

These drugs inhibit the HMG CoA .(3-hydroxy, 3-methylglutaryl co-enzyme A) reductase, an enzyme that is a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol.

Answer 20

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

Question 21

These drugs lower an elevated LDL-C, a bad cholesterol.

Answer 21

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

Question 22

First-line treatment for patients with elevated risk of ASCVD ( Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease)

Answer 22

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

Question 23

Used in the treatment of familial hyperlipidemia

Answer 23

Niacin

Question 24

Useful also in treatment of hypercholesterolemia, in combination with other agents.

Answer 24

Niacin

Question 25

At gram doses, it strongly INHIBITS LIPOLYSIS IN ADIPOSE TISSUE, thereby reducing production of free fatty acids. The liver normally uses circulating free fatty acids as a major precursor for triglyceride synthesis.

Answer 25

Niacin

Question 26

The liver normally uses ______ as a major precursor for triglyceride synthesis.

Answer 26

circulating free fatty acids

Question 27

Examples of Fibrates

Answer 27

Gemfibrozil Fenofibrate

Question 28

Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate are derivatives of _____ that lower serum triglycerides and increase HDL levels.

Answer 28

fibric acid

Question 29

Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate are derivatives of fibric acid that:

Answer 29

lower serum triglycerides and increase HDL levels

Question 30

Examples of Bile-Acid-Binding Resins

Answer 30

Colesevelam Colestipol Cholestyramine

Question 31

These are synthesized from cholesterol and released into duodenum as a part of bile.

Answer 31

bile salts

Question 32

The main function of bile salts

Answer 32

to aid in the absorption of dietary fats

Question 33

It is an ion-exchange resin that combines with the bile salts and cholesterol in the GIT. This binding prevents the absorption of the bile salts and cholesterol. The result is an increased elimination of bile salts, cholesterol, and other fats in the feces.

Answer 33

Cholestyramine

Question 34

Example of Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

Answer 34

Ezetimibe

Question 35

Inhibits absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol in the small intestine, leading to a decrease in the delivery of intestinal cholesterol to the liver.

Answer 35

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

Question 36

Examples of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Answer 36

Docosahexaenoic acid Eicosatetraenoic acid

Question 37

These are PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) found in marine sources like tuna, salmon, halibut.

Answer 37

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Question 38

It inhibits VLDL and triglyceride synthesis in the liver.

Answer 38

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Question 39

fluid form of blood

Answer 39

plasma

Question 40

protein in the blood that transports cholesterol to the cell

Answer 40

lipoprotein

Question 41

the organ that synthesizes cholesterol

Answer 41

liver

Question 42

HMG CoA meaning

Answer 42

Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A

Question 43

an enzyme that converts food to cholesterol

Answer 43

HMG CoA Reductase