diureticd

Question 1

Urine formation is essential for normal body function because it enables the blood to reabsorb necessary ____, ____ and ____.

Answer 1

nutrients
water
electrolytes

Question 2

Urine is also a way or process by which the ______ are eliminated from the body.

Answer 2

metabolic waste products

Question 3

excess urine may increase _____ that would lead to _____.

Answer 3

blood volume (edema)

high blood pressure

Question 4

These are medications designed to increase the amount of water and salt expelled from the body as urine

Answer 4

Diuretics

Question 5

Diuretics are also called:

Answer 5

water pills

Question 6

These are among the main therapy or most effective measure to reduce blood pressure especially in the presence of pulmonary edema, ascites or edema of lower extremities caused by congestive heart failure.

Answer 6

Diuretics

Question 7

Diuretics are among the main therapy or most effective measure to reduce blood pressure especially in the presence of ____, ____ or ____ caused by congestive heart failure.

Answer 7

pulmonary edema
ascites
edema of lower extremities

Question 8

Conditions associated with Renal Dysfunction

Answer 8

Nephritis
Oliguria
Anuria
Uremia (toxemia)

Question 9

Refers to infection or inflammation in the renal tissue. That reduces the renal function.

Answer 9

Nephritis

Question 10

Refers to less or decreased urine volume.

Answer 10

Oliguria

Question 11

Refers to absence or no urine production

Answer 11

Anuria

Question 12

It is an accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood due to impaired renal filtration.

Answer 12

Uremia (toxemia)

Question 13

Different Classes of Diuretics

Answer 13

• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
• Loop Diuretics
• Thiazide Diuretics
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics
• Osmotic Diuretics

Question 14

Examples of Loop Diuretics

Answer 14

Furosemide (Sulfonamide)
Ethacrynic acid (phenoxy acetic acid) Bumetanide

Question 15

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 15

Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide
Brinzolamide

Question 16

Examples of Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 16

Hydrochlorothiazide (sulfonamide)

Question 17

Examples of Potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 17

Spironolactone and Eplerenone (steroid) Amiloride and Triamterene

Question 18

Examples of Osmotic diuretics

Answer 18

Mannitol
Glycerin
Isosorbide
Urea (rarely used)

Question 19

• Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule eyes, CNS
• Sodium and bicarbonate excretion

Answer 19

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Question 20

Uses of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Answer 20

Glaucoma
Acute mountain (high altitude) sickness

Question 21

Side effects of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Answer 21

Metabolic acidosis
Hypokalemia
Drowsiness
Paresthesia
Sulfonamide allergy

Question 22

Inhibits Na/k/Cl transport in the loop of Henle

Answer 22

Loop Diuretics

Question 23

Uses of Loop Diuretics

Answer 23

Acute pulmonary edema
Ascites
Hypercalcemia

Question 24

Side effects of Loop Diuretics

Answer 24

Hypokalemia
Hypovolemia
Ototoxicity
Sulfonamide allergy

Question 25

Inhibits Na-Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 25

Thiazide Diuretics

Question 26

Use of Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 26

Hypertension

Question 27

Side Effects of Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 27

Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Hyperglycemia Hyperuricemia Hyperlipidemia Sulfonamide allergy

Question 28

Aldosterone antagonist in the collecting tubule

Answer 28

Spironolactone

Question 29

It blocks sodium channels

Answer 29

Amiloride

Question 30

Uses of Potassium Sparing Diuretics

Answer 30

Potassium wasting with diuretics Aldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)

Question 31

Side effects of Potassium Sparing Diuretics

Answer 31

Hyperkalemia (with potassium supplement and ACEIs) Spironolactone - gynecomastia

Question 32

Osmotic effect in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 32

Osmotic Diuretics

Question 33

Use of Osmotic Diuretics

Answer 33

Reduce intracranial pressure in neurologic conditions

Question 34

Side effects of Osmotic Diuretics

Answer 34

Hyponatremia Pulmonary edema

Question 35

A condition in which the tissues have more acid or acid waste.

Answer 35

Acidosis

Question 36

A process that alters the pH to less than 7.

Answer 36

Acidification

Question 37

A condition in which the tissues have less acid than normal.

Answer 37

Alkalosis

Question 38

A condition that causes urine to be excreted, usually associated with large volume of urine.

Answer 38

Diuresis

Question 39

unable to produce an increased response even though the stimulation or amount of drug has been increased.

Answer 39

Refractory Diuretic