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PCOL 2 > diureticd > Flashcards

diureticd Flashcards

1
Q

Urine formation is essential for normal body function because it enables the blood to reabsorb necessary ____, ____ and ____.

A

nutrients
water
electrolytes

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2
Q

Urine is also a way or process by which the ______ are eliminated from the body.

A

metabolic waste products

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3
Q

excess urine may increase _____ that would lead to _____.

A

blood volume (edema)

high blood pressure

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4
Q

These are medications designed to increase the amount of water and salt expelled from the body as urine

A

Diuretics

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5
Q

Diuretics are also called:

A

water pills

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6
Q

These are among the main therapy or most effective measure to reduce blood pressure especially in the presence of pulmonary edema, ascites or edema of lower extremities caused by congestive heart failure.

A

Diuretics

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7
Q

Diuretics are among the main therapy or most effective measure to reduce blood pressure especially in the presence of ____, ____ or ____ caused by congestive heart failure.

A

pulmonary edema
ascites
edema of lower extremities

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8
Q

Conditions associated with Renal Dysfunction

A

Nephritis
Oliguria
Anuria
Uremia (toxemia)

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9
Q

Refers to infection or inflammation in the renal tissue. That reduces the renal function.

A

Nephritis

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10
Q

Refers to less or decreased urine volume.

A

Oliguria

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11
Q

Refers to absence or no urine production

A

Anuria

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12
Q

It is an accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood due to impaired renal filtration.

A

Uremia (toxemia)

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13
Q

Different Classes of Diuretics

A

• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
• Loop Diuretics
• Thiazide Diuretics
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics
• Osmotic Diuretics

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14
Q

Examples of Loop Diuretics

A

Furosemide (Sulfonamide)
Ethacrynic acid (phenoxy acetic acid) Bumetanide

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15
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide
Brinzolamide

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16
Q

Examples of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (sulfonamide)

17
Q

Examples of Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Spironolactone and Eplerenone (steroid) Amiloride and Triamterene

18
Q

Examples of Osmotic diuretics

A

Mannitol
Glycerin
Isosorbide
Urea (rarely used)

19
Q
  • Inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule eyes, CNS
  • Sodium and bicarbonate excretion
A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

20
Q

Uses of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

Glaucoma
Acute mountain (high altitude) sickness

21
Q

Side effects of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

Metabolic acidosis
Hypokalemia
Drowsiness
Paresthesia
Sulfonamide allergy

22
Q

Inhibits Na/k/Cl transport in the loop of Henle

A

Loop Diuretics

23
Q

Uses of Loop Diuretics

A

Acute pulmonary edema
Ascites
Hypercalcemia

24
Q

Side effects of Loop Diuretics

A

Hypokalemia
Hypovolemia
Ototoxicity
Sulfonamide allergy

25
Q

Inhibits Na-Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule

A

Thiazide Diuretics

26
Q

Use of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hypertension

27
Q

Side Effects of Thiazide Diuretics

A

Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperlipidemia
Sulfonamide allergy

28
Q

Aldosterone antagonist in the collecting tubule

A

Spironolactone

29
Q

It blocks sodium channels

A

Amiloride

30
Q

Uses of Potassium Sparing Diuretics

A

Potassium wasting with diuretics
Aldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)

31
Q

Side effects of Potassium Sparing Diuretics

A

Hyperkalemia (with potassium supplement and ACEIs)

Spironolactone - gynecomastia

32
Q

Osmotic effect in the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Osmotic Diuretics

33
Q

Use of Osmotic Diuretics

A

Reduce intracranial pressure in neurologic conditions

34
Q

Side effects of Osmotic Diuretics

A

Hyponatremia
Pulmonary edema

35
Q

A condition in which the tissues have more acid or acid waste.

A

Acidosis

36
Q

A process that alters the pH to less than 7.

A

Acidification

37
Q

A condition in which the tissues have less acid than normal.

A

Alkalosis

38
Q

A condition that causes urine to be excreted, usually associated with large volume of urine.

A

Diuresis

39
Q

unable to produce an increased response even though the stimulation or amount of drug has been increased.

A

Refractory Diuretic

PCOL 2 (8 decks)

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