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PCOL 2 > anemia > Flashcards

anemia Flashcards

1
Q

It is a condition in which your blood has a lower-than-normal amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin

A

Anemia

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2
Q

It is an iron-rich protein that helps red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

A

Hemoglobin

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3
Q

Treatment for Anemia

A

Blood Transfusion

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4
Q

Anemia is characterized by a decrease in

A

Hemoglobin or RBCs

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5
Q

Causes of Anemia

A

• Inherited
• Deficiency in the Body

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6
Q

Examples of Inherited Anemia

A

• Cooley’s Anemia
• Sickle Cell Anemia

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7
Q

It is a chronic disease and cannot be treated by drug replacement.

A

Inherited Anemia

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8
Q

women are predisposed to this deficiency because of monthly menstrual bleeding

A

Iron

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9
Q

Note: Males require less iron intake

A
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10
Q

It is characterized by hypochromic microcytic anemia

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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11
Q

Caused by in adequate dietary intake, inadequate GI absorption, increased demand (as in pregnancy ,lactation and chronic disease)

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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12
Q

Diagnosis for Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Serum ferritin
CBC
Peripheral blood smear

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13
Q

It is the earliest and most sensitive test for Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Serum Ferritin

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14
Q

Treatment for Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous gluconate
Ferrous fumarate
Polysaccharide iron complex
Carbonyl iron

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15
Q

% of Elemental Iron for Ferrous sulfate

A

20

60-65 mg/325 mg tablet

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16
Q

% of Elemental Iron for Ferrous gluconate

A

12

17
Q

% of Elemental Iron for Ferrous Fumarate

A

33

18
Q

% of Elemental Iron for Polysaccharide Iron Complex

A

100

19
Q

Parenteral iron preparations

A

• Sodium ferric gluconate - IV
• Iron dextran - IM, IVs
• Iron sucrose - IV

20
Q

These are medications that primarily contain iron (ferrous compounds) for the purpose of increasing hemoglobin production.

A

Hematinic

21
Q

Characterized by macrocytic cells

Caused by inadequate dietary intake

A

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency anemia

22
Q

It refers to decreased absorption due to lack of intrinsic factor which may cause
pernicious anemia, a disease severe symptom which could be fatal
when left untreated.

A

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia

23
Q

It is distinguished from folate deficiency by neurologic abnormalities ( numbness and paresthesia)

A

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Deficiency Anemia

24
Q

Treatment for Vit B12 De Anemia

A

Oral, Parenteral, Intranasal gel Cyanocobalamin

25
Q

Known as megaloblastic anemia

  • No neurologic abnormalities
A

Folate Deficiency Anemia

26
Q

Treatment for Folate Deficiency Anemia

A

Oral Folate 1mg daily

27
Q

This type of anemia is due to deficiency of ethropoetin

A

Anemia in chronic kidney disease

28
Q

Treatment for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

A

• Epoetin alfa
• Darbepoetin alfa SC, IV
• Iron supplementation

29
Q

The body needs RBCs to survive. They transport hemoglobin, a complex protein that attaches to iron molecules.

These molecules carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Various health conditions can result in low levels of RBCs.

There are many types of anemia and no single cause. In some people, it can be difficult to identify what is causing a low RBC count.

A

When the body loses blood, it draws water from tissues beyond the bloodstream to help keep the blood vessels full. This additional water dilutes the blood, reducing the RBC count.

Blood loss can be acute and rapid or chronic. Some causes of rapid blood loss include surgery, childbirth, and trauma. Chronic blood loss is more often responsible for anemia.

Nevertheless, there is a range of treatment for anemia. Each aims to increase the number of RBCs, which, in turn, increases the amount of oxygen in the blood.

30
Q

Types of Anemia

A

• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Deficiency Anemia
• Folate Deficiency Anemia
• Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

PCOL 2 (11 decks)

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