anemia Flashcards
It is a condition in which your blood has a lower-than-normal amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin
Anemia
It is an iron-rich protein that helps red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
Hemoglobin
Treatment for Anemia
Blood Transfusion
Anemia is characterized by a decrease in
Hemoglobin or RBCs
Causes of Anemia
• Inherited
• Deficiency in the Body
Examples of Inherited Anemia
• Cooley’s Anemia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
It is a chronic disease and cannot be treated by drug replacement.
Inherited Anemia
women are predisposed to this deficiency because of monthly menstrual bleeding
Iron
Note: Males require less iron intake
It is characterized by hypochromic microcytic anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Caused by in adequate dietary intake, inadequate GI absorption, increased demand (as in pregnancy ,lactation and chronic disease)
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Diagnosis for Iron Deficiency Anemia
Serum ferritin
CBC
Peripheral blood smear
It is the earliest and most sensitive test for Iron Deficiency Anemia
Serum Ferritin
Treatment for Iron Deficiency Anemia
Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous gluconate
Ferrous fumarate
Polysaccharide iron complex
Carbonyl iron
% of Elemental Iron for Ferrous sulfate
20
60-65 mg/325 mg tablet
% of Elemental Iron for Ferrous gluconate
12
% of Elemental Iron for Ferrous Fumarate
33
% of Elemental Iron for Polysaccharide Iron Complex
100
Parenteral iron preparations
• Sodium ferric gluconate - IV
• Iron dextran - IM, IVs
• Iron sucrose - IV
These are medications that primarily contain iron (ferrous compounds) for the purpose of increasing hemoglobin production.
Hematinic
Characterized by macrocytic cells
Caused by inadequate dietary intake
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency anemia
It refers to decreased absorption due to lack of intrinsic factor which may cause
pernicious anemia, a disease severe symptom which could be fatal
when left untreated.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
It is distinguished from folate deficiency by neurologic abnormalities ( numbness and paresthesia)
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Deficiency Anemia
Treatment for Vit B12 De Anemia
Oral, Parenteral, Intranasal gel Cyanocobalamin
Known as megaloblastic anemia
- No neurologic abnormalities
Folate Deficiency Anemia
Treatment for Folate Deficiency Anemia
Oral Folate 1mg daily
This type of anemia is due to deficiency of ethropoetin
Anemia in chronic kidney disease
Treatment for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
• Epoetin alfa
• Darbepoetin alfa SC, IV
• Iron supplementation
The body needs RBCs to survive. They transport hemoglobin, a complex protein that attaches to iron molecules.
These molecules carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Various health conditions can result in low levels of RBCs.
There are many types of anemia and no single cause. In some people, it can be difficult to identify what is causing a low RBC count.
When the body loses blood, it draws water from tissues beyond the bloodstream to help keep the blood vessels full. This additional water dilutes the blood, reducing the RBC count.
Blood loss can be acute and rapid or chronic. Some causes of rapid blood loss include surgery, childbirth, and trauma. Chronic blood loss is more often responsible for anemia.
Nevertheless, there is a range of treatment for anemia. Each aims to increase the number of RBCs, which, in turn, increases the amount of oxygen in the blood.
Types of Anemia
• Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Deficiency Anemia
• Folate Deficiency Anemia
• Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
