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DDS Final > IV - Graphical Methods > Flashcards

IV - Graphical Methods Flashcards

1
Q

IV infusions may be administered to provide what?

A

Electrolytes
Nutrients
Medications or therapeutic agents
Blood volume extenders or various blood products

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2
Q

What is an IV push, IV stat, or IV bolus?

A

rapid infusion of medication in order to quickly restore normal function in life-threatening conditions

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3
Q

What is an IV piggyback?

A

a smaller IV bag is attached to the tubing of a large IV bag

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4
Q

Enteral nutrition is what?

A

method of providing nutritional support via tubes inserted into the stomach or small intenstine; Preferred route is the GI tract

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5
Q

What are some examples of short term enteral nutrition?

A

nasogastric, nasoduodendal, nasojejunal

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6
Q

What are some examples of long term enteral nutrition?

A

gastrostomy, jejunostomy

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7
Q

What is parenteral nutrtion?

A

Intravenous hyperalimentation; method of feeding a patients by intravenous infusion of fluids and basic nutrients

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8
Q

What is partial parenteral nutrition?

A

provides only partial nutritional requirements

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9
Q

What is total parenteral nutrition?

A

Provides total nutrition requirements

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10
Q

What do parenteral formulas contain?

A

Macro-nutrients (carbs, proteins, fat), micro nutrients (electrolytes, vitamins, trace elements) and sterile water

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11
Q

What are two sites to insert an IV?

A 
Central line (superior vena cava --> can support higher concentrations) 
Peripheral line (veins of the arm or hand --> requires adjustment of tonicity)
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12
Q

What are small-volume parenterals used for?

A

source of electrolytes, vitamins, or minerals

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13
Q

What are large volume parenterals used for?

A

sources of amino acids, dextrose and sterile water

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14
Q

What are nutritional requirements?

A

quantities of macro and micro nutrients needed for a patient to obtain or maintain the desired nutritional status (vary with age, gender, etc, fluid requirements and caloric requirements)

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15
Q

What is the adult fluid/ water requirement?

A

30 mL/kg
1500 mL per m^2 of bsa
1 mL/kcal of nutrition required

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16
Q

Fluid/water requirements can be based off of what?

A

Age, weight, BSA, and caloric requirement

17
Q

Water based on age… Neonates? 1-12 months?

A

120-180 mL/kg/day

150 mL/kg/day; maximum of 200 mL

18
Q

Water based on weight.. Less than 10 kg? 10-20 kg? Greater than 20 kg?

A

100 mL/kg/day
1000+ 50 mL/kg/day over
1500 mL + 20 mL/kg/day

19
Q

Water based on BSA?

A

m^2 * 1500 mL/day/m^2

20
Q

Water based on caloric requirement?

A

1.2 mL/kcal * kcal/day

21
Q

1 kcal = ? Calorie = ? calories

A

1 Calorie = 1000 calroies

22
Q

What is the caloric density of carbs?

A

Parenteral: 3.4 kcal/g

Enteral 4 kcal/g

23
Q

What is the caloric density of proteins?

A

4 kcal/g

24
Q

What is the caloric density of lipids?

A

9 kcal/g and should be restricted to 30-40% of the total daily calories

25
Q

What is the caloric density of fiber? Men and woman?

A

14 grams per 100 kcal
Should be about 21-25 grams for woman
Should be about 30-38 grams for men

26
Q

What has to be on a nutrition label?

A

Serving size, number of servings per package, total calories, calories derived from fat, fat, cholesterol, total carbs, protein, sodium, vitamin A and C, calcium and iron

27
Q

What are the percent daily values based on?

A

2000 calorie diet

28
Q

What is dilution?

A

Can be performed for liquid, solid, and semisolid dosage forms to provide a product strength more suitable for use by a particular patient

29
Q

What is concentration?

A

Can be preformed for a liquid dosage form by the evaporation of a portion of its solvent of vehicles

30
Q

What is fortification?

A

Can be performed for a liquid, solid, and semisolid dosage form by the addition of a calculated quantity of additional therapeutic agent

31
Q

What is trituration?

A

Dilution of a potent medicinal substance; prepared by diluting 1 part by weight of the drug with 9 parts of finely powdered lactose (10%)

32
Q

What is strength?

A

The quantity per volume or the concentration

33
Q

What are stock solutions?

A

concentrated solutions of active or inactive substances and are used to prepare solutions of smaller concentration for convience

34
Q

The strength of concentrated acid is expressed as a percentage of what?

A

weight-in-weight

35
Q

The strength of diluted acid is expressed as a percentage of what?

A

weight-in-volume

36
Q

Due to a difference between strength of concentrated acid and diluted acid, one mus consider what?

A

Specific gravity of concentrated acids in calculations involving the dilution of acids

37
Q

What is slope?

A

Ration of the change in y with a change in x
Positive slope: indicates that y values increase as x values increase
Negative slope: indicates that y value decrease as x increases

38
Q

What are the X and Y axis of a semi-log graph?

A 
Y = logarithmic dimensions
X = linear dimensions
39
Q

What are the X and Y axis of log-log graphs?

A

Both axis are in logarithmic dimensions

DDS Final (8 decks)

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