ITM Chap 5 Flashcards
IT Infrastructure
Shared technology resources that provide the platform for the firm’s specific information system applications. It includes investment in hardware, software, and services such as consulting, education, and training
IT Services
- Computing Platforms - Telecomunications Services - Data Management - Application Software Services - Physical Facilities management services - IT management services - IT Standard services - IT education services - IT research and developement
Mainframe
Was introduced by IBM in 1959. It is the largest category of computer, used for major business processing
Minicomputers
Introduced by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1965, they allowed decentralized computing, customized to the needs of individual departments or business units
Midrange Computer of Midrange Server
Has evolved from the minicomputer, it is capable of supporting the computing needs of smaller organizations or of managing networks of other computers
Wintel PC
Windows operating system software on a computer with an Intel microprocessor
Personal Computer
Democratized by IBM in 1981, they are small desktop or portable computer
Client Server Computing
A model for computing that splits processing between clients and servers on a network, assigning functions to the machine most able to perform the function
Client Computer
Laptop or desktop computer
Server Computer
Computer specifically optimized to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network. The term “server” refers to both the software application and the physical computer on which the network software runs
Multitiered or N-tier Client/ Server Architectures
Found in most corporations, the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers, depending on the kind of service being requested
Web Server
Software that manages requests for Web pages on the computer where they are stored and that delivers the page to the user’s computer
Application Server
Software that handles all application operations between browser-based computers and a company’s back-end business applications or databases
Windows
Leading operating system
Cloud Computing
Refers to a model of computing that provides access to a shared pool of computing resources (computers, storage, applications, and services) over a network, often the Internet
Moore’s Law
- The power of microprocessors doubles every 18 months - Computing power doubles every 18 months - The price ofcomputing falls by half every 18 months
Nanotechnology
Uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit
The Law of Mass Digital Storage
The cost of storing digital information is falling at an exponential rate of 100 percent a year
Metcalfe’s Law and Network Economics
The value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network membersbecause of increasing returns to scale
Technology Standards
specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network. Responsable for economy of scale
7 componants of IT Infrastructure Ecosystem
- Internet Platforms - Computer Hardware Platforms - Operatong System Platform - Enterprise Software Application - Networking/Telecomunication - Consultant and System Intergator - Data Management and Storage
Blade Servers
Ultrathin computers consisting of a circuit board with processors, memory, and network connections stored in racks
Unix
Corporate Operating System
Linus
Open source operating system
Operating System
The system software that manages and controls the activities of the computer
Chrome OS
Google operating system for cloud computing
Android
A mobile operating system developed by Android, Inc
2 Enterprise Software Application Provider
SAP Oracle
Storage Area Networks (SANs)
A high-speed network dedicated to storage that connects different kinds of storage devices, such as tape libraries and disk arrays so they can be shared by multiple servers
Web Hosting Service
Maintains a large Web server, or series of servers, and provides fee-paying subscribers with space to maintain their Web sites
Legacy System
Generally older transaction processing systems, created for mainframe computers, that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or redesigning them; but the term also refers to any older system no matter what infrastructure it uses
7 Hardware Trends
- Mobile digital platform -Grid computing - Virtualization - Cloud computing - Green computing - High-performance/ power-saving processors - Autonomic computing
Grid Computing
Involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a virtual supercomputer by combining the computational power of all computers on the grid. It takes advantage of the fact that most computers use their central processing units on average only 25 percent of the time
Virtualization
The process of presenting a set of computing resources (such as computing power or data storage) so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical confi guration or geographic location
Benefits of Virtualization
- Increase equipment utilization rates - Conserve data centre space - Decrease energy usage
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
- On-demand self-service - Ubiquitous network access - Location-independent resource pooling - Rapid elasticity - Metered service
3 Types of Cloud Computing Services
- Cloud infrastructure as a service - Cloud platform as a service - Cloud software as a service
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service
Customers use processing, storage, networking, and other computing resources from cloud service providers to run their information systems
Cloud Platform as a Service
Customers use infrastructure and programming tools hosted by the service provider to develop their own applications
Cloud Software as a Service
Customers use software hosted by the vendor on the vendor’s hardware and delivered over a network
Public Cloud
Maintained by an external service provider, such as Amazon Web Services, accessed through the Internet, and available to the general public
Private Cloud
Proprietary network or a data centre that ties together servers, storage, networks, data, and applications as a set of virtualized services shared by users inside a company
Utility Computing
Model of computing in which companies pay only for the information technology resources they actually use during a specified time period. Also called on-demand computing or usage-based pricing
Green Computing / Green IT
Refers to practices and technologies for designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated devices such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems to minimize impact on the environment
Microprocessors
Very large scale integrated circuit technology that integrates the computer’s memory, logic, and control on a single chip
Multicore Processor
an integrated circuit to which two or more processor cores have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks
Autonomic Computing
An industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction
Open Source Software
software produced by a community of programmers. Such software is free and may be modified by users; works derived from the original code must also be free; and the software can be redistributed by the user without additional licensing.
Object Oriented Programming
An approach to software development that combines data and procedures into a single object
Java
Operating-system-independent, processor-independent, object-oriented programming language that has become the leading interactive environment for the Web. It can handle text, data, graphics, sound, and video, all within one program if needed
Web Browser
An easy-to-use software tool for accessing the World Wide Web and the Internet
Graphical User Intrefase
The part of an operating system users interact with that uses graphic icons and the computer mouse to issue commands and make selections
Web Services
Set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web communication standards and languages. They can exchange information between two different systems regardless of the operating systems or programming languages on which the systems are based
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
General-purpose language that describes the structure of a document and supports links to multiple documents, allowing data to be manipulated by the computer. More flexible and powerful than HTML.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
A page description language for specifying how text, graphics, video, and sound are placed on a Web page document
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
A set of rules for structuring messages that enables applications to pass data and instructions to one another
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
A set of self-contained services that communicate with each other using XML or SOAP to create a working software application
Software Package
A pre-written commercially available set of software programs that eliminates the need for a fi rm to write its own programs for certain functions, such as payroll processing or order handling
Software Outsourcing
Enables a firm to contract custom software development or maintenance of existing legacy programs to outside firms, which often operate offshore in low-wage areas of the world. Provide lower level maintenance and call center operations
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Services for delivering and providing access to software remotely as a Web-based service
Service Level Agreement (SLA)
A formal contract between customers and their service providers that defi nes the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer
Mashups
Customized application composed of self-contained programs or interchangeable components that integratefreely with other applications on the Internet
Apps
Small pieces of software that run on the Internet, a computer, or a cell phone and are generally delivered over the Internet
Scalability
The ability of a computer, product, system, or network to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
The actual cost of owning technology resources includes the original cost of acquiring and installing hardware and software, as well as ongoing administration costs for hardware and software upgrades, maintenance, technical support, training, and even utility and real estate costs for running and housing the technology
