ITEC54 QUIZ1 Flashcards
An array of components designed to accomplish a particular objective according to plan.
System
many be designed which later on are combined together to form a system which is intended to achieve a specific objective which may be set by the Project manager.
Sub System
Is a way of understanding an entity in terms of its purpose
System Thinking
Is the combination of inter-related elements to achieve a common objective (s).
System Integration
The architecture of a system defines its high-level structure, exposing its gross organization as a collection of interacting components.
System Architecture
Elements needed to model a software architecture include:
Components, Connectors, Systems, Properties and Styles.
System Architecture
From the key terms described above, a system developer and architects cannot do anything without first establishing various projects. These projects may be new or existing.
Project
So it is inevitable to first understand what a project is, factors that influence the project, which the owners are and many more as discussed below.
Project
may either be current, suspected, or anticipated. Problems are undesirable situations that prevent the business from fully achieving its purpose, goals, and objectives (users discovering real problems with existing IS).
Problems
is a chance to improve the business even in the absence of specific problems. This means that the business is hoping to create a system that will help it with increasing its revenue, profit, or services, or decreasing its costs.
Opportunity
– is a new requirement that is imposed by management, government, or some external influence i.e. are mandates that come from either an internal or external source of the business.
Directive
must take time to identify, understand, and manage relationships with all project stakeholders
Project managers
Focuses on roles and responsibilities,
coordination and control. Organizational
charts help define this frame.
Structural Frame
Assumes organizations are coalitions
composed of varied individuals and interest
groups. Conflict and power are key issues.
Political Frame
Focuses on providing harmony between needs of the organization and needs of people.
Human Resources Frame
Focuses on symbols and meanings related to events. Culture is important.
Symbolic Frame
Organizational structure depends on the company and/or the project.
The structure helps define the roles and responsibilities of the members of the department, work group, or organization.
It is generally a system of tasks and reporting policies in place to give members of the group a direction when completing projects.
A good organizational structure will allow people and groups to work effectively together while developing hard work ethics and attitudes.
The four general types of organizational structure are functional, divisional, matrix and project-based.
Basic Organizational Structures
People who do similar tasks, have similar skills and/or jobs in an organization are grouped into a functional structure.
The advantages of this kind of structure include quick decision making because the group members are able to communicate easily with each other.
People in functional structures can learn from each other easier because they already possess similar skill sets and interests.
Functional Structure
the company will coordinate inter-group relationships to create a work team that can readily meet the needs of a certain customer or group of customers.
The division of labor in this kind of structure will ensure greater output of varieties of similar products.
An example of a divisional structure is geographical, where divisions are set up in regions to work with each other to produce similar products that meet the needs of the individual regions.
Divisional Structure
are more complex in that they group people in two different ways:
by the function they perform and
by the product team they are working with.
the team members are given more autonomy and expected to take more responsibility for their work.
This increases the productivity of the team, fosters greater innovation and creativity, and allows managers to cooperatively solve decision-making problems through group interaction.
Matrix Structure
In a project-organizational structure, the teams are put together based on the number of members needed to produce the product or complete the project.
The numbers of significantly different kinds of tasks are taken into account when structuring a project in this manner, assuring that the right members are chosen to participate in the project.
Project organization Structure
COTS stands for?
commercial-off-the-shelf
BCP stands for
Business Continuity Planning
