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1st Sem - PRELIM - ( 3rd year ) > ITEC51 PRELIM > Flashcards

ITEC51 PRELIM Flashcards

1
Q

Corresponds strongly to the idea of a programming interface or library, with the understanding that a given layer communicates directly only with the two layers immediately above and below it.

A

Layers

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2
Q

An Application hands off a chunk of data to the TCP library, which in turn makes calls to the IP library, which in turn calls the LAN layer for actual delivery.

A

Layers

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3
Q

An application does not interact directly with the IP and LAN layers at all.

A

Layers

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4
Q

This LAN physical/logical gives us the internet five-layer model.

A

Layers

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5
Q

Any one network connection has a data rate: the rate at which bits are transmitted.

A

Data Rate

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6
Q

The speed at which data is transferred within the computer or between a peripheral device and the computer, measured in bytes per second.

A

Data Rate

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7
Q

Is the amount of data moved successfully from one place to another in a given time period, and typically measured in bits per second (bps), as in megabits per second (Mbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps).

A

Throughput

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8
Q

Refers to the theoretical rate of speed that data on your network can travel, which is probably a speed you won’t see very often.

A

Bandwidth

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9
Q

Are modest-sized buffers of data, transmitted as a unit through some shared set of links.

A

Packets

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10
Q

Is a collection of data that can be used by computers which need to communicate with each other, usually as part of a network.

A

Packets

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11
Q

Datagram packet-switching networks like the internet fix these drawbacks by cutting data into small chunks called ‘_______’.

A

Packets

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12
Q

Contains instructions about the data carried by the packet.

A

Header

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13
Q

The actual data is referred to as the ______. Therefore, the _______ is the only data received by the destination system.

A

Payload

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14
Q

Sometimes called the footer, typically contains a couple of bits that tell the receiving device that it has reached the end of the packet. It may also have some type of error checking.

A

Trailer

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15
Q

Is the arrangement with which computer systems or network devices are connected to each other. It can be used to define or describe the arrangement of telecommunications networks.

A

Topology

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16
Q

A set of entries in the forwarding tables that cause some packets to circulate endlessly. It is a serious network problem which happens when a data packet is continually routed through the same routers over and over.

A

Routing Loops

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17
Q

Is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle. Typical effects include queuing delay, packet loss, or the blocking of new connections.

A

Congestion

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18
Q

Is a situation where there are unexpectedly too many requests on a network. This creates a situation where a network does not have the ability to process all the requests at once.

A

Broadcast Storms

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19
Q

Bandwidth refers to the ‘size of the pipe’ in which Internet data can travel through. If the pipe is not large enough for all the traffic to move through at once, there becomes congestion.

A

Low Bandwidth

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20
Q

Is where a network allows many computers to speak to each other simultaneously. Two packets transferred at the same time can cause a collision. This collision causes network congestion.

A

Multicasting

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21
Q

Data transmitted through outdated switches, routers, servers, and Internet exchanges can cause bottlenecks. If the hardware is not optimal, this creates a bottleneck for the transmission of data.

A

Outdated Hardware

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22
Q

An Internet Service Provider (ISP) can determine how fast it sends traffic over its network. The opposite result of this is the ISP can also slow the rate at which data is moving over its network.

A

Artificial Congestion

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23
Q

Is a communication protocol for Local Area Networks (LANs) using the same media interfaces (mainly RJ45 or fiber).

A

Ethernet

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24
Q

LANs are independent networks but may be linked within a WAN through Internet devices such as routers. There is no difference in network and Ethernet cables; network cables comprise Ethernet and LAN cables.

A

LAN

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25
Q

Is the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries.

A

Internet Protocol (IP)

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26
Q

The entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP, originating in the initial network implementation where it complemented the Internet Protocol (IP).

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

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27
Q

Is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network.

A

Domain Name System (DNS)

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28
Q

Is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. It is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic based on security rules.

A

Firewall

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29
Q

Is useful to determine if another machine is accessible.

A

Ping

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30
Q

Internet Models / Layers

A

“1. Application Layer 2. Transport Layer 3. Internet Layer 4. Link Layer 5. Physical Layer”

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31
Q

Packets parts

A

“1. Header 2. Payload 3. Trailer”

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32
Q

Causes of congestion

A
  1. Broadcast Storm
  2. Low Bandwidth
  3. Multicasting
  4. Outdated Hardware
  5. Artificial Congestion
  6. Bad Configuration Management
  7. Rogue Adapter Broadcasts
  8. Adding Retransmitting Hubs
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33
Q

Is a way of connecting computers together in a local area network or LAN.

A

Ethernet

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34
Q

It has been the most widely used method of linking computers together in LANs since the 1990s.

A

Ethernet

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35
Q

The basic idea of its design is that multiple computers have access to it and can send data at any time.

A

Ethernet

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36
Q

A system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems.

A

Ethernet

37
Q

The original Ethernet specification was the 1976 paper of Metcalfe and Boggs.

A

Ethernet

38
Q

The data rate was 10 megabits per second, and all connections were made with coaxial cable instead of today’s twisted pair.

A

Ethernet

39
Q

It is medium was one long piece of coaxial cable, onto which stations could be connected via taps.

A

Ethernet

40
Q

Is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it.

A

Repeater

41
Q

Is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.

A

Switches

42
Q

Is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer of the OSI model.

A

Switches

43
Q

When a station transmitted, the data went everywhere along that cable. Such an arrangement is known as a __________ ___

A

Broadcast Bus

44
Q

A repeater with more than two ports was commonly called a ___.

A

Hub

45
Q

In the telecom world, a repeater might be called a _______ ___________.

A

Digital Regenerator

46
Q

Allowed branching and thus much more complex topologies.

A

Hub

47
Q

Acts as a common connection point for devices in a network.

A

Hub

48
Q

Reads in and forwards an entire packet as a unit, and the destination address is consulted to determine where the packet is forwarded.

A

Bridges / Switches

49
Q

The set of subscribers to a given multicast address may be called a _________ _____.

A

Multicast Group

50
Q

In what year did Fast Ethernet release?

A

1995

51
Q

It introduced the concept of full-duplex Ethernet: two twisted pairs could be used, one for each direction.

A

Fast Ethernet

52
Q

Is largely irrelevant, as full-duplex (bidirectional) operation is almost always supported.

A

Gigabit Ethernet

53
Q

Are usually used to connect points on a company’s internal LAN. It blocks the overlap of data packets running through a network by the economical allocation of bandwidth.

A

LAN Switch

54
Q

Reduce network congestion or bottlenecks by distributing a package of data only to its intended recipient.

A

LAN Switch

55
Q

Are frequently used in home networks, small companies, and businesses.

A

Unmanaged Switch

56
Q

Does not necessarily need to be configured or watched.

A

Unmanaged Switch

57
Q

It is simple and easy to set up. If you want to add more Ethernet ports, you can use these plug-and-play types of switches in networking.

A

Unmanaged Switch

58
Q

The advantage of managed switches is that they can be customized to enhance the functionality of a certain network.

A

Managed Switch

59
Q

Provide a way to simplify and increase the availability of the network.

A

Stackable Switch

60
Q

Types of Switches

A

“1. LAN Switch
2. Unmanaged Switch
3. Managed Switch
4. POE Switch
5. Stackable Switch”

61
Q

A broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data link layer.

A

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

62
Q

Supports creation of virtual links that join far-flung nodes via the Internet.

A

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

63
Q

A private network that encrypts and transmits data while it travels from one place to another on the Internet, allowing you to surf websites privately and securely.

A

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

64
Q

Gives you online privacy and anonymity by creating a private network from a public internet connection.

A

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

65
Q

The process of encrypting data and keeping it separate from other traffic on the Internet.

A

Tunneling

66
Q

A network architecture that enables the network to be intelligently and centrally controlled using software applications.

A

Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

67
Q

A leased-line point-to-point link between two sites, where the subscriber interface at each end of the line looks like Ethernet.

A

Carrier Ethernet

68
Q

A marketing term for extensions to Ethernet to enable telecommunications network providers to provide Ethernet services to customers and utilize Ethernet technology in their networks.

A

Carrier Ethernet

69
Q

A communication protocol in a local area network (LAN) where all stations are connected in a ring topology.

A

Token Ring

70
Q

A networking technology used to build local area networks.

A

Token Ring

71
Q

Using a special three-byte frame called a token that travels around a logical ring of workstations or servers.

A

Token

72
Q

A means of transporting data over a packet-switched network, creating a dedicated physical link between source and destination end systems.

A

Virtual Circuit

73
Q

A logical path between nodes in a network, typically a telecommunications network.

A

Virtual Circuit

74
Q

Switches are set up manually by the communication management station and offer performance comparable to dedicated lines. These circuits are always on and are generally used for high-speed connectivity.

A

Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)

75
Q

Switches are set up automatically when a communication session is established.

A

Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)

76
Q

A network mechanism intended to accommodate real-time traffic as well as bulk data transfer.

A

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

77
Q

A telecommunications standard for digital transmission of multiple types of traffic, including telephony, data, and video signals.

A

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

78
Q

Uses a radio frequency signal instead of wires to connect devices to the Internet.

A

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

79
Q

Uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections.

A

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

80
Q

WiMax stands for?

A

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

81
Q

Provides internet services such as mobile data and hotspots.

A

WiMAX

82
Q

LTE stands for?

A

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

83
Q

Is more of a successor to current mobile 3G standards than WiMAX.

A

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

84
Q

The operation of wireless communication devices or systems used to connect two fixed locations using a wireless link.

A

Fixed Wireless

85
Q

It involves direct (non-satellite) radio communication between subscribers and a central access point.

A

Terrestrial Wireless

86
Q

The ability to transmit and receive data from a satellite dish on Earth that communicates with a geostationary satellite in space.

A

Satellite Internet

87
Q

Types of Virtual Circuits/Switches

A

“1. Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC)
2. Switched Virtual Circuits (SVC)”

88
Q

Is the phonebook of the internet

A

DNS

1st Sem - PRELIM - ( 3rd year ) (17 decks)

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