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Psychology > Issues And Debates > Flashcards

Issues And Debates Flashcards

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1
Q

Universality

A

Refers to when research assumes the findings can be applied to both genders or to all cultures

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2
Q

Refers to when research assumes the findings can be applied to both genders or to all cultures

A

Universality

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3
Q

Gender bias

A

When bias is made towards one gender, behaviour is then applied by using a sample against 1 gender in research then applying the findings to all people

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4
Q

Androcentrism

A

Theories which are centred on males or focused on males only. Can occur if all male samples are used in research then a theory is generated which is applied to both genders.

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5
Q

% of female undergraduate psychology students

A

70% (could lead to gynocentrism)

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6
Q

Gyncocentrism

A

Research bias that’s in favour of females

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7
Q

Research bias that’s in favour of females

A

Gynocentrism

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8
Q

Alpha bias

A

When the differences between genders are exaggerated

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9
Q

When the differences between genders are exaggerated

A

Alpha bias

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10
Q

Alpha bias example

A

Men being more likely to commit adultery and women having a more personal investment in their offspring

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11
Q

Beta bias

A

Differences between men and women are minimised

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12
Q

Differences between men and women are minimised

A

Beta bias

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13
Q

Beta bias example

A

Biological research into the fight or flight response has often been carried out with male animals but research (Taylor) suggests that females produce a differnet response

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14
Q

Culture bias

A

The act of interpreting and judging behaviour and psychological characteristics of one culture by hold by them to the standards of your own

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15
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The view that our own culture should be the basis for judgements of other groups. The views, beliefs and cultures of our own group are normal or superior and those of other group are strange

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16
Q

The view that our own culture should be the basis for judgements of other groups. The views, beliefs and cultures of our own group are normal or superior and those of other group are strange

A

Ethnocentrism

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17
Q

Berry research

A

Replicated Asch study to see whether the conformity rates seen in the US were repeated among the Temne people of Sierra Leone or the Inuit people of Canada

Temne had high rates and Inuit had low rates because of different styles of living

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18
Q

Replicated Asch study to see whether the conformity rates seen in the US were repeated among the Temne people of Sierra Leone or the Inuit people of Canada

A

Berry

Temne had high rates and Inuit had low rates due to different lifestyles

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19
Q

Imposed Etic

A

Measures or theories developed in one culture then applied to other cultures and judgements are made with inappropriate cultural reference points

20
Q

Measures or theories developed in one culture then applied to other cultures and judgements are made with inappropriate cultural reference points

A

Imposed Etic

21
Q

Emic approach

A

One culture is studied in order to discover culture specific behaviour and they will only generalise their findings to the culture they have been studying

22
Q

One culture is studied in order to discover culture specific behaviour and they will only generalise their findings to the culture they have been studying

A

Emic approach

23
Q

Cultural relativism

A

All cultures are equally worthy of respect and we should understand how other cultures view the world

24
Q

Determinism proposes that

A

Behaviours are caused by something and we have little actual control. Determiners are behaviours that cause our behaviour

25
Q

Free will proposes that

A

We have full choice over our actions and that there’s no influence or manipulation from internal or external influences

26
Q

Biological determinism

A

The result of internal processes within the body like genetics, brain, psychology, biochemistry

Eg SERT gene being cause of OCD

27
Q

The result of internal processes within the body like genetics, brain, psychology, biochemistry

A

Biological determinism

28
Q

Environmental determinism

A

Behaviour is the result of learning through the physical environment

Eg observational learning in SLT

29
Q

Behaviour is the result of learning through the physical environment

A

Environmental determinism

30
Q

Psychic determinism

A

Behaviour is caused by the unconscious mind. Freud said every behaviour has an initial cause that was instigated in a part of our mind we can’t access

Eg OCD being caused by a traumatic event in the psychosexual stage

31
Q

Behaviour is caused by the unconscious mind. Freud said every behaviour has an initial cause that was instigated in a part of our mind we can’t access

A

Psychic determinism

32
Q

Soft determinism

A

Human behaviour is determined but we still have an element of control in certain situations

33
Q

Human behaviour is determined but we still have an element of control in certain situations

A

Soft determinism

34
Q

Hard determinism

A

Human behaviour is completely determined by factors outside of our control

35
Q

Human behaviour is completely determined by factors outside of our control

A

Hard determinism

36
Q

Reductionism is the idea that

A

You’re reducing the explanation of behaviour down to its simplest form. Not taking into account all other factors that may be involved

37
Q

Reducing the explanation of behaviour down to its simplest form. Not taking into account all other factors that may be involved

A

Reductionism

38
Q

Parsimony

A

Argues that science favours the simplest explanations for events. Following the principle of Occams Razor where there is more than one explanation for an event the simplest one is preferred

39
Q

Argues that science favours the simplest explanations for events. Following the principle of Occams Razor where there is more than one explanation for an event the simplest one is preferred

A

Parsimony

40
Q

Holism

A

When looking at behaviour we should judge the whole rather than one specific part. It appreciate the interaction of many factors

41
Q

Levels of explanation

A

There are diffenet ways of vowing the same phenomena in psychology.

42
Q

There are diffenet ways of vowing the same phenomena in psychology.

A

Levels of explanations

43
Q

Higher level of reductionism

A

Cultural and social explanations of how our social group affects behaviour

44
Q

Middle level of reductionism

A

Psychological explanations

45
Q

Lower level of reductionism

A

Biological explanations

Psychology (11 decks)

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