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Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous system is split into

A

Peripheral and Central

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous system is split into

A

Somatic and autonomic

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3
Q

Autonomic nervous system is split into

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

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4
Q

Central nervous system is split into

A

Brain and spinal chord

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5
Q

Arc reflex

A

Nerve pathway followed by a reflex action

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6
Q

Nerve pathway followed by a reflex action

A

Arc reflex

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7
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Has both sensory and motor neurons

Controls skeletal muscle and movement

Conscious

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8
Q

Has both sensory and motor neurons

Controls skeletal muscle and movement

Conscious

A

Somatic nervous system

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Only motor

Controls internal organs and glands

Involuntary

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10
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carried messages from PNS to CNS

Tells brain about external and internal environment

Large dendrites and short axons

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11
Q

Carried messages from PNS to CNS

Tells brain about external and internal environment

Large dendrites and short axons

A

Sensory neurons

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12
Q

Relay neurons

A

Allows sensory and motor to communicate

Multipolar

Only carries messaged from one part of CNS to other

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13
Q

Allows sensory and motor to communicate

Multipolar

Only carries messaged from one part of CNS to other

A

Relay neurons

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14
Q

Motor neurons

A

Connect to CNS to effectors

Form synapses with muscles

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15
Q

Connect to CNS to effectors

Form synapses with muscles

A

Motor neurons

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16
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical messengers released into the bloodstream to act in a specific target to perform a function

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17
Q

Chemical messengers released into the bloodstream to act in a specific target to perform a function

A

Hormone

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18
Q

Nervous system

A

Complex system that sends and releases impulses to coordinate the organisms actions

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19
Q

Complex system that sends and releases impulses to coordinate the organisms actions

A

Nervous system

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20
Q

Brain

A

Organ inside the skull that controls bodily functions

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21
Q

Organ inside the skull that controls bodily functions

A

Brain

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22
Q

Spinal chord

A

Part of CNS starting at brain stem and ends in lower back

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23
Q

Part of CNS starting at brain stem and ends in lower back

A

Spinal chord

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24
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Parts of nervous system outside brain and spinal chord

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25
Q

Parts of nervous system outside brain and spinal chord

A

Peripheral nervous system

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26
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Component it pns associated with involuntary processes

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27
Q

Component it pns associated with voluntary processes

A

Somatic nervous system

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28
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Component of PNS that’s associated with involuntary processes

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29
Q

Component of PNS that’s associated with involuntary processes

A

Autonomic nervous system

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30
Q

Neuron

A

Information messengers use electrical impulses to send info around the brain and body

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31
Q

Information messengers use electrical impulses to send info around the brain and body

A

Neuron

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32
Q

Cell body

A

Compact section of nerve that contains nucleas and cytoplasm

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33
Q

Compact section of nerve that contains nucleas and cytoplasm

A

Cell body

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34
Q

Dendrites

A

Appendages on the neuron that receive communications from the other cell

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35
Q

Appendages on the neuron that receive communications from the other cell

A

Dendrites

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36
Q

Action potential

A

The electrical impulses sent down a neuron

Information is sent down an axon of neuron

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37
Q

Rapid sequence of changed in voltage across a membrane

Information is sent down an axon of neuron

A

Action potential

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38
Q

Axon

A

Where electrical impulses from neurons travel away to be received by other neurons

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39
Q

Where electrical impulses from neurons travel away to be received by other neurons

A

Axon

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40
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty protein coating surrounding never for protection and fast transmission

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41
Q

Fatty protein coating surrounding never for protection and fast transmission

A

Myelin sheath

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42
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Short region on axon not protected my myelin containing ion channels to allow action potential to travel quickly

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43
Q

Short region on axon not protected my myelin containing ion channels to allow action potential to travel quickly

A

Nodes of ranvier

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44
Q

Synaptic gap

A

Space between axon and dendrite of 2 neurons

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45
Q

Space between axon and dendrite of 2 neurons

A

Synaptic gap

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46
Q

Vesicles

A

Small sacs transporting material within or outside the cell

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47
Q

Small sacs transporting material within or outside the cell

A

Vesicles

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48
Q

Receptor

A

A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that receives signals

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49
Q

A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that receives signals

A

Receptor

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50
Q

Pre-synaptic neurons

A

Transmits signal towards synapse

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51
Q

Transmits signal towards synapse

A

Pre synaptic neuron

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52
Q

Post synaptic neuron

A

Received signal after synaptic transmission

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53
Q

Received signal after synaptic transmission

A

Post synaptic neuron

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54
Q

Synaptic transmission

A

Process by which neurons communicate and pass information

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55
Q

Process by which neurons communicate and pass information

A

Synaptic transmission

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56
Q

Lock and key system

A

Receptors only bind together to specific neurotransmitters

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57
Q

Receptors only bind together to specific neurotransmitters

A

Lock and key system

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58
Q

Synaptic gap

A

Spaces between axon and dendrite of 2 neurons

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59
Q

Spaces between axon and dendrite of 2 neurons

A

Synaptic gap

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60
Q

Excitatory neurotransmission

A

a process by which certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as glutamate increase the activity of neurons.

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61
Q

a process by which certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as glutamate increase the activity of neurons.

A

Excitatory neurotransmission

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62
Q

Inhibitatory neurotransmission

A

a process by which certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as GABA reduce or inhibit the activity of neurons.

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63
Q

a process by which certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as GABA reduce or inhibit the activity of neurons.

A

Inhibitatory neurotransmission

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64
Q

Counter shock response

A

Body reversed most of physiological signs of shock phase leading to an increase in blood volume, blood sugar and temp

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65
Q

Body reversed most of physiological signs of shock phase leading to an increase in blood volume, blood sugar and temp

A

counter shock response

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66
Q

Homeostasis

A

Regulation of a stable internal environment

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67
Q

Regulation of a stable internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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68
Q

Post-mortem examinations

A

Examining brain after patient has died to test for any damage that may have affected their pre-death behaviour

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69
Q

Examining brain after patient has died to test for any damage that may have affected their pre-death behaviour

A

Post-mortem examination

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70
Q

fMRI

A

Measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

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71
Q

Measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

A

fMRI

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72
Q

EEG

A

Recording of brain activity through small sensors attached to the scalp to pick up electrical signals

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73
Q

Recording of brain activity through small sensors attached to the scalp to pick up electrical signals

A

EEG

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74
Q

ERP

A

Recording of Very small voltages generated in the brain structures in response to specific events or stimuli

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75
Q

Recording of Very small voltages generated in the brain structures in response to specific events or stimuli

A

ERP

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76
Q

Localisation

A

Idea that certain functions have certain locations or areas within the brain

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77
Q

Idea that certain functions have certain locations or areas within the brain

A

Localisation

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78
Q

Hemispheric lateralisation

A

Fact that the 2 halves of the brain are fictionally different and each Hemisphere has functional specialisation

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79
Q

Fact that the 2 halves of the brain are fictionally different and each Hemisphere has functional specialisation

A

Hemispheric lateralisation

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80
Q

Parietal lobe

A

A major sensory processing hub for your brain

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81
Q

A major sensory processing hub for your brain

A

Parietal lobe

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82
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Most commonly associated with processing auditory information and with encoding of memory

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83
Q

Most commonly associated with processing auditory information and with encoding of memory

A

Temporal lobe

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84
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual processing area of brain

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85
Q

Visual processing area of brain

A

Occipital lobe

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86
Q

Motor cortex

A

The region of the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for control of voluntary movement

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87
Q

The region of the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for control of voluntary movement

A

Motor cortex

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88
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Part of brain within the parietal lobe that receives all sensory information from various parts of body

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89
Q

Part of brain within the parietal lobe that receives all sensory information from various parts of body

A

Somatosensory cortex

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90
Q

Visual cortex

A

Primary cortical region of brain that receives and processed visual information relayed from retinas

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91
Q

Primary cortical region of brain that receives and processed visual information relayed from retinas

A

Visual cortex

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92
Q

Auditory cortex

A

Sensory area for hearing located on the upper side of the temporal lobe of cerebral cortex

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93
Q

Sensory area for hearing located on the upper side of the temporal lobe of cerebral cortex

A

Auditory cortex

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94
Q

Broca’s area

A

Key component of forming speech

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95
Q

Key component of forming speech

A

Broca’s area

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96
Q

Associated with comprehension of speech

A

Wernickes area

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97
Q

Wernickes area

A

Associated with comprehension of speech

98
Q

Contra lateral

A

Term that references the opposite side of something

99
Q

Term that references the opposite side of something

A

Contralateral

100
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Neurological disorder characterised by an inability inability to recognise faces

101
Q

Neurological disorder characterised by an inability inability to recognise faces

A

Prosopagnosia

102
Q

Cortical blindness

A

Loss of vision without any cause

103
Q

Loss of vision without any cause

A

Cortical blindness

104
Q

Split brain research

A

A brain which the 2 hemispheres have been separated by partial or complete destruction of Colton’s callosom

105
Q

Research on A brain which the 2 hemispheres have been separated by partial or complete destruction of Colton’s callosom

A

Split brain research

106
Q

Experience expectant plasticity

A

Changes in the brain only happen in infancy

107
Q

Idea that changes in the brain only happen in infancy

A

Experience expectant plasticity

108
Q

Experience dependent plasticity

A

Research shows that the brain continues to create new neural pathways and alter old ones as a result of experience

109
Q

Research shows that the brain continues to create new neural pathways and alter old ones as a result of experience

A

Experiance dependent plasticity

110
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

Where new synapses are formed

111
Q

A process where new synapses are formed

A

Synaptogenesis

112
Q

Neuro genesis

A

New Neurons are grown

113
Q

Process by which New Neurons are grown

A

Neuro genesis

114
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

Synapse elimination that happens mainly between childhood and puberty due to lack of use

115
Q

Synapse elimination that happens mainly between childhood and puberty due to lack of use

A

Synaptic pruning

116
Q

Plasticity

A

Brains ability to change and adapt because of experience

117
Q

Brains ability to change and adapt because of experience

A

Plasticity

118
Q

Functional recovery

A

Transfer the of functions from a damaged area of the brain after trauma to other undamaged area

119
Q

Transfer the of functions from a damaged area of the brain after trauma to other undamaged area

A

Functional recovery

120
Q

Neural regeneration

A

New nerve endings grow and connect with undamaged areas

121
Q

New nerve endings grow and connect with undamaged areas

A

Neural regeneration

122
Q

Neural unmasking

A

Occurs when dormant synapses in the brain are opened and become functional

123
Q

Occurs when dormant synapses in the brain are opened and become functional

A

Neural unmasking

124
Q

Neural reorganisation

A

Occurs when the brain transfers functions from the damaged area to undamaged sections of the brain

125
Q

Occurs when the brain transfers functions from the damaged area to undamaged sections of the brain

A

Neural reorganisation

126
Q

Biological rhythms

A

A series of bodily functions regulated by your internal clock

127
Q

A series of bodily functions regulated by your internal clock

A

Biological rhythms

128
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

A biological rhythms that take place on a 24hr cycle

129
Q

A biological rhythms that take place on a 24hr cycle

A

Circadian rhythms

130
Q

Infradian rhythms

A

Biological thrums that takes place on a cycle lasting more than 24 hrs

131
Q

Biological thrums that takes place on a cycle lasting more than 24 hrs

A

Infradian rhythms

132
Q

Ultradian rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that take place on a less than 24 hour cycle

133
Q

Biological rhythms that take place on a less than 24 hour cycle

A

Ultradian rhythms

134
Q

SAD

A

type of depression that he a seasonal pattern

135
Q

Type of depression that has a seasonal pattern

A

SAD

136
Q

Sleep/wake cycle

A

Natural brain-controlled bodily rhythm that results in alternate period of sleep and wakefulness

137
Q

Natural brain-controlled bodily rhythm that results in alternate period of sleep and wakefulness

A

Sleep/wake cycle

138
Q

Endogenous pacemaker

A

Internal mechanisms that govern biological rhythms in particular the s/w cycle

139
Q

Internal mechanisms that govern biological rhythms in particular the s/w cycle

A

Endogenous pacemakers

140
Q

Suprachiaematic nucleas

A

A biological structure located in the hypothalamus

141
Q

A biological structure located in the hypothalamus

A

Suprachiaematic nucleas

142
Q

Gopnick (functional recovery)

A

During infancy the brain experiences rapid growth in the number of synaptic connections it has peaking at 2-3 years

143
Q

During infancy the brain experiences rapid growth in the number of synaptic connections it has peaking at 2-3 years

A

Gopnick

144
Q

Kuhn (functional recovery)

A

discussed potential benefits of playing SuperMario for 30 mins a day for 2 months

Found significant increases in areas of the brain responsible for key behaviours

145
Q

discussed potential benefits of playing SuperMario for 30 mins a day for 2 months

A

Kuhn

Found significant increases in areas of the brain responsible for key behaviours

146
Q

Danelli (functional recovery)

A

Investigated a boy who had most his left hemisphere removed at 2 1/2 years old

Found that his right hemisphere was able to take over almost of the functioning

147
Q

Investigated a boy who had most his left hemisphere removed at 2 1/2 years old

A

Danelli

Found that his right hemisphere was able to take over almost of the functioning

148
Q

% of right ganders that have left hemisphere dominance for language

A

96%

149
Q

% of left handers that have left hemisphere dominance for language

A

70%

150
Q

Heller and Levy

A

Found that pts shown a split photos (half smiling half neutral) would recognise the emotion shown on the left side of the picture

151
Q

Global aphasia

A

Unable to understand or produce speech

152
Q

Sperrys research (verbal)

A

Words were projected to LVF testing the verbal response to language
He found the worlds didn’t register as pts would say they haven’t seen anything

Suggesting left hem is responsible for language

153
Q

Sperrys research (physical)

A

A word of was projected to LVF but left hand was placed behind a screen
Pts could select the correct object despite being unable to verbally report they’d seen it
Suggesting right hem has some language ability but not speech

154
Q

Sperrys research (matching response to pictures)

A

A differnet face was presented to each hemisphere at the same time. Pts then given a selection of faces evd asked to select those they saw
Pts chose the faces that were presented to LVF indicating the Right hems role for visuo spatial tasks

155
Q

4 lobes of brain

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

156
Q

6 areas of brain

A

Motor cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Visual cortex
Auditory cortex
Broca’s area
Wernickes area

157
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Awareness and motor

158
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Connected to the pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating or controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Control systems that regulated endocrine system

159
Q

Connected to the pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating or controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. Control systems that regulated endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

160
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Sometimes known as master gland and is responsible for releasing hormones that stimulate the release of hormones from other glands in the endocrine system

161
Q

Sometimes known as master gland and is responsible for releasing hormones that stimulate the release of hormones from other glands in the endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

162
Q

ACTH

A

Targets adrenal cortex stimulating hormones such as cortisone
And is a key competent in stress response

163
Q

Targets adrenal cortex stimulating hormones such as cortisone
And is a key competent in stress response

A

ACTH

164
Q

TSH

A

Targets thyroid gland which stimulates release of thyroxine

165
Q

Targets thyroid gland which stimulates release of thyroxine

A

TSH

166
Q

Prolactin

A

Targets mammary glands and stimulated milk production

167
Q

Targets mammary glands and stimulates milk production

A

Prolactin

168
Q

FSH

A

Targets ovaries and testes to stimulate release or ovarian follicles and promoting spermatogenesis

169
Q

Targets ovaries and testes to stimulate release or ovarian follicles and promoting spermatogenesis

A

FSH

170
Q

Growth Hormone

A

General promotion of cell growth and multiplication in body

171
Q

General promotion of cell growth and multiplication in body

A

Growth hormone

172
Q

MSH

A

stimulates the production and release of pigment melanin in skin and hair

173
Q

stimulates the production and release of pigment melatonin in skin and hair

A

MSH

174
Q

Oxytocin

A

Important in promoting uterine contractions in childbirth

175
Q

Important in promoting uterine contractions in childbirth

A

Oxytocin

176
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Regulates the bodies metabolic rate and protein synthesis

177
Q

Regulates the bodies metabolic rate and protein synthesis

A

Thyroid gland

178
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Releases adrenaline and noradrenaline

Fight of flight response

179
Q

Releases adrenaline and noradrenaline

Fight of flight response

A

Adrenal medulla

180
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Releases Cortisol
Release of stored glucose and fats for energy

181
Q

Releases Cortisol
Release of stored glucose and fats for energy

A

Adrenal cortex

182
Q

Testes

A

Development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty
Muscle mass and muscle growth

183
Q

Development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty
Muscle mass and muscle growth

A

Testes

184
Q

Ovaries

A

Regulation of female reproductive system, menstrual cycle and pregnancy

185
Q

Regulation of female reproductive system, menstrual cycle and pregnancy

A

Ovaries

186
Q

Pineal gland

A

Regulation of arousal, biological rhythms and sleep wake cycle

187
Q

Regulation of arousal, biological rhythms and sleep wake cycle

A

Pineal gland

188
Q

Acute stress

A

Immediate stress ie danger

189
Q

Fight or Flight response 6 stages

A

1) person enters stressful situation
2) Amygdala is activated which sends a distress signal to hypothalamus
3) hypothalamus activates SAM pathway
4) SNS stimulates the adrenal medulla
5) adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline
6) adrenaline causes a number of physiological changes to prepare for FOF

190
Q

Long term stress response

A

hypothalamus stimulates release of ACTH from pituitary gland

ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex to release Glucocorticoids into blood

191
Q

Evaluation points for localisation

A

+supporting research HM case
-lateralised patterns shift with age (szaflaski)
-research methodology (post mortems)
- functional recovery disputes idea that brain is highly localised

192
Q

Szaflarski

A

Found most tasks became less lateralised in healthy adulthood suggesting conclusions in localised and lateralised functioning should take age and experience into account

193
Q

Found most tasks became less lateralised in healthy adulthood suggesting conclusions in localised and lateralised functioning should take age and experience into account

A

Szaflarski

194
Q

Heller and levy

A

Found participants that were shown a split photo (half smiling/half neutral) would recognise the emotion shown on the left side of the photo showing facial recognition is geared to RH

195
Q

Found participants that were shown a split photo (half smiling/half neutral) would recognise the emotion shown on the left side of the photo showing facial recognition is geared to RH

A

Heller and Levy

196
Q

Evaluation of Hem lateralisation

A

+most research into B+W comes from case studies which are good to understand how an individual lesion can effect behaviour
- methodology (post mortems)
+ research support Sperry split brain
- Danelli half brain boy

197
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

Slow effortful speech
Can’t produce sentence structure
Use of nouns and verbs but not pronouns or conjunctions
Can understand speech fine
Can get meaning of a sentence

198
Q

Slow effortful speech
Can’t produce sentence structure
Use of nouns and verbs but not pronouns or conjunctions
Can understand speech fine
Can get meaning of a sentence

A

Broca’s aphasia

199
Q

Wernickes Aphasia

A

Generally grammatical sentences that make little sense
Can’t understand others speech
Difficulty naming objects
Comprehension and repetition is poor

200
Q

Generally grammatical sentences that make little sense
Can’t understand others speech
Difficulty naming objects
Comprehension and repetition is poor

A

Wernickes aphasia

201
Q

Lashley

A

Propsosed the equipotentiality theory suggesting that the basic motor and sensory functions are localised but that higher mental functions are not

Claimed that intact areas of the cortex could take over responsibility for specific cognitive functions following brain injury

202
Q

Propsosed the equipotentiality theory suggesting that the basic motor and sensory functions are localised but that higher mental functions are not

A

Lashley

Claimed that intact areas of the cortex could take over responsibility for specific cognitive functions following brain injury

203
Q

Gopnick

A

Brain experiences rapid growth in the number of synaptic connections it has peaking at 2-3 years

204
Q

Brain experiences rapid growth in the number of synaptic connections it has peaking at 2-3 years

A

Gopnick et al

205
Q

Kuhn et al

A

Found significant increase in areas of the brain responsible for memory, planning and motor performance of those who played supermario 2 for 30 mins a day for 2 months

206
Q

Found significant increase in areas of the brain responsible for memory, planning and motor performance of those who played supermario 2 for 30 mins a day for 2 months

A

Kuhn et al

207
Q

Maguire taxi study

A

London Taxi drivers have to take knowledge test to test their knowledge of routes around London. Maguire found that the taxi drivers had larger and more dense grey matter in their hippocampus due to this

208
Q

London Taxi drivers have to take knowledge test to test their knowledge of routes around London. Maguire found that the taxi drivers had larger and more dense grey matter in their hippocampus due to this

A

Maguire

209
Q

Koppelman

A

27 astronauts were scanned before their space mission and then again on return. Their cerebellum shrunk in relation to how much time they spent in space
Upon return their brain reverted back to normal demonstrating the brains ability to revert back

210
Q

27 astronauts were scanned before their space mission and then again on return. Their cerebellum shrunk in relation to how much time they spent in space

A

Koppelman

Upon return their brain reverted back to normal demonstrating the brains ability to revert back

211
Q

Evaluation of functional recovery and plasticity

A

+ Danelli half brain boy
- danelli lacks pop validity
- recovery affected by age (Teubar)
+ Gazzeley practical applications

212
Q

Gazzeley

A

Developed a game called neurotracer that can be prescribed to patients to preserve cognitive function. (Help early onset of dementia)

213
Q

Developed a game called neurotracer that can be prescribed to patients to preserve cognitive function. (Help early onset of dementia)

A

Gazzeley

214
Q

Teubar

A

Found a negative correlation with age and recovery. Investigating soldiers recovering from brain injury
60% those under 20 made higher improvement - 20% of those over 25 had similar improvement

215
Q

Found a negative correlation with age and recovery. Investigating soldiers recovering from brain injury
60% those under 20 made higher improvement - 20% of those over 25 had similar improvement

A

Teubar

216
Q

Evaluation of split brain research

A

+ deeper understanding of how brain works
- lacks generalisability (10-15)
-compared to neurotypical patients
+ reliability (controlled procedures)

217
Q

Examples of circadian rhythms

A

Metabolic activity
Hormones
Body temp
Sleep/wake

218
Q

Examples of Infradian rhythms

A

Hibernation
Menstruation
SAD

219
Q

Examples of Ultradian rhythms

A

Feeding
Stages of sleep
Alertness

220
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

During the follicular phase, estrogen levels start to rise, which stimulates the growth of the uterine lining. As the follicle in the ovary matures, it produces more estrogen.

Then comes ovulation, where there is a surge in (LH), which triggers the release of the mature egg from the ovary.

After ovulation, the body starts producing progesterone. Progesterone helps prepare the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. If pregnancy doesn’t occur, progesterone levels drop, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining and the start of a new menstrual cycle.

221
Q

Stages of sleep

A

S1/2 is light with heart rate slowing down

S3/4 is deep sleep with rhythmic breathing

S5 is REM and dreaming

222
Q

Core body temp circadian rhythm

A

Fluctuates by up to a degree in a 24 hour period

Generally peaks mid afternoon at 37.1 and troughs at 36.7

223
Q

Sleep/wake cycle

A

Strongest sleep drive is between 2-4 am and post lunch dip 1-3 pm

Sleepiness we feel during these circadian dips is less intense if we had sufficeinet sleep

Governed by EP and EZ

224
Q

Internal body clock is … and found in …

A

SCN and found in hypothalamus

225
Q

How does a/w cycle get influenced by light

A

SCN received light through eyes when light levels drop at night the SCN tells pineal gland to recreate melatonin which causes drowsiness

226
Q

Siffre procedure

A

French cave explorer who spent 6 months in a Texan cave away from any EZ

He was wired up to record results and he ate and slept when he wanted to

227
Q

Siffre results

A

Found that at first his s/w cycle was erratic but later stabilised to a regular pattern of between 25-30 hours

Felt like 151 days but was actually 179

228
Q

Evaluation of EP

A

+ Siffre
-Siffre not generalisable
+Ralph mutant hamsters
- not immune to external influences causing jet and shift lag

229
Q

Ralph et al

A

Mutant hamsters
Took SCN of mutant hamster (circadian rhythm of 20 hours) and put it in normal hamster
Normal hamster took up this circadian rhythm showing that SCN plays major role in governing biological rhythms

230
Q

Melanopsin

A

Protein in the eye that is sensitive to light and carries the signals to SCN to set 24 hour cycles

231
Q

Protein in the eye that is sensitive to light and carries the signals to SCN to set 24 hour cycles

A

Melanopsin

232
Q

When do circadian rhythms begin and are entrained by

A

6 weeks and babies are fully entrained by 16 weeks due to social cues such as bedtimes and meal times

233
Q

EZ evaluation

A

+Siffre
- Siffre generalisability
-Luce and segal
-individual differences (older people need less sleep than younger)
+knutsson

234
Q

Luce and Segal

A

Suggest that light levels can be overridden as in the arctic circle people still maintain a pattern of 7 hours a night despite 6 months of darkness and 6 months of light
Social factors or internal factors rather than light

235
Q

Symptoms of jet lag

A

Difficulty sleeping
Tiredness
Difficulty staying awake
Poor sleep quality
Memory problems

236
Q

Phase advance

A

West to east makes days shorter

237
Q

Phase delay

A

East to west makes days longer

238
Q

Bolvin (Shift lag)

A

Night workers engaged in shift work expo reduced concentration around 6 am meaning more accidents and mistakes are likely to happen

239
Q

Night workers engaged in shift work expo reduced concentration around 6 am meaning more accidents and mistakes are likely to happen

A

Bolvin

240
Q

Knutsson

A

Night shift workers are 3x more likely to develop heart disease due to stress of adjusting and fighting natural biological rhythms

241
Q

Night shift workers are 3x more likely to develop heart disease due to stress of adjusting and fighting natural biological rhythms

A

Knutsson

Psychology (11 decks)

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