Islamic Civilizations Flashcards
The Silk Road
Not all architecture related
Traded items and ideas back and forth
Han / Kervansaray
Earliest form of hotels on routes
Had to make it there before dark to survive
622
Muhammad’s trip from Mecca to Medina
When did Muhammad become a prophet
640’s
Important Islamic Empires / Dynasties
Ummayad
Abbasid
Fatimid
Ayyubid
Mamluk
Samanids
Ghaznavids
Timurid
Mughal
Safavid
The Great Seljuk
Anatolian Seljuks
Ottomans
Great Mosque of Kairouan
Tunisia, 670 (863)
What structural elements affect the interior elements at the Great Mosque of Kairouan
Making aisles with columns
Close relationship with architecture and climate
Pay attention to how the construction affects how a building feels temp and weather wise
How is the lighting in the Great Mosque of Kairouan
Very dark interiors
Turks enter Anatolia
1071
First crusaders
1095
Ottomans established their beylik
1299
Seljuk ruled Anatolia
1299
Conquest of Istanbul by Faith Sultan Mehmet
1453
mid-1450’s
Some historians argue that all artist and philosophers that lived in Constantinople escaped to Italy = starting renaissance
Monumental building types in Islamic Lands
Mosque
Kulliye (complex)
Turbe (Mausoleum)
Madrasa (school)
Caravanserai or Han
Hospitals
Palaces
Fountains
Hamam (Bath)
Non-monumental building types in Islamic Lands
Dwellings
Mosques
Cemeteries
Interior Components in a Mosque:
Mihrab, Minbar, Hunkar Mahfili or maqsura, Dikka, Dikkah or muezzin mahfili, Son cemaat yeri
Mihrab
Mihrab (Prayer Niche) on the qibla wall and faces Mecca
Minbar
(pulpit)
Hunkar Mahfili or maqsura (royal box)
(royal box) Where sultan prayed
Dikka, Dikkah or muezzin mahfili
(raised platform where Koran is chanted)
Son cemaat yeri
(portico space for late comers)
(Arabic) or columnar mosque
(with or without a courtyard) and a flat roof
Hypostyle with several domes
Every 4 columns there is a dome
Columnar mosque
with a mihrab dome and Mihrab dome for prayer
Bursa T type
Inverted t type multi-functional with school and public space
Ottoman mosque with a great dome
Edirne and Istanbul capitals
Took ideas from Rome for architecture and how to run a city
Ottoman
Mimar Sinan
Chief Ottoman architect, engineer, and mathematician. Responsible for 300+ major structures . Left home city as child to learn
Ibn Tulun Mosque
Egypt, 879
Ibn Tulun Mosque architecture
An example for a columnar mosque with a courtyard
Ibn Tulun Mosque disadvantages
Interrupted interior space: repetition of columns on a grid
Qibla wall is generally the longer side of the rectangle
This with the column grid makes it difficult for some to see the imam
why is it important to see the Imam
Imam was the leader that led the prayers
People had to do the same physical motions while praying making it difficult without being able to see well
Prayer rug
shows an individual’s space for prayer
benefits to prayer rug
Organizes the space in an orderly way/sense of discipline
Tells humans how to use the interior
Sivas Ulu Camii
(The Great Mosque of Sivas)
1197
Location: Turkey?
Esrefoglu Mosque
Beysehir, Turkey 1297
Esrefoglu Mosque Architecture
Looks like it could be central Asia
Stone walls with wood constructed interior
Very preserved and still has original elements
Great Mosque of Xi’an
China (7th century) 1368-1398
Great Mosque of Xi’an Architecture
Displays the continuum of the central context in which it exists
No stylistic relationship to the canons of “Islamic Architecture”
Within cultural context style matters
The Great Mosque of Eski Malatya
1224
Turkey
The Great Mosque of Eski Malatya interior
Very dark interiors
Konya Ince Minareli Madrasa
LOCATION
what is the capital of the Selifuk empire
Konya
Konya Ince Minareli Madrasa plan
Bursa T Plan
The inverted T type
Konya Ince Minareli Madrasa type
Typically Encompassed a zawiye
Konya Ince Minareli Madrasa program
Multi-functional
