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History of Interiors > French Baroque > Flashcards

French Baroque Flashcards

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1
Q

French Baroque

A

1660’s - 1720’s

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2
Q

Louis XIV

A

like their god
control freak
Absolutism and Hierarchy

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3
Q

concetto

A

connect Louis’ reign to heaven

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4
Q

Society had been subjected to…

A

centralized government that had sought to control their thoughts

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5
Q

Regularitie

A

Louis XIV wanted to see a certain amount of regularity in design
Gridded and controlled interiors

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6
Q

Enfilade

A

series of rooms had axial doors. This provided a corridor like passage way through rooms, though a sequence of antechambers

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7
Q

Why were Enfilades not considered corridors

A

corridors not an idea yet
deeper in a room the more private it gets

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8
Q

Coved ceilings

A

a concave surface forming on the ceiling

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9
Q

marquetry

A

floral and vine wood inlay

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10
Q

parquetry

A

geometric wood inlay / parquet floors

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11
Q

Boiserie

A

carved gilded wood paneling

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12
Q

Boulle work

A

technique invented by Charles Boulle

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13
Q

Boulle work design

A

involved cutting the two sheets of materials simultaneously
enough material for two pieces of furniture
One with tortoise as the background and the other with brass as a background
contrasting colors overlay on top of each other

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14
Q

Charles Boulle

A

1642 - 1732

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15
Q

Charles Boulle importance

A

first time that furniture makers and interior designers were known by name

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16
Q

mercantilism

A

economic model that was in use in Europe in 17th century
everything was produced under government control / king is center of everything / no importation

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17
Q

Salon

A

Space used for balls

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18
Q

baroque is the high point of…

A

Bedrooms

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19
Q

Why was the bed so important to French Baroque

A

alter piece / ceremonial space
absolute monarchy at this time
monarchs held their power through lineage and stability of their dynasty / male child was needed

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20
Q

Charles LeBrun

A

artist, decorator, interior designer

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21
Q

Charles LeBrun

A

1619 - 1690

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22
Q

Who did Louis XIV make the head of the Beaux Arts Academy

A

Charles LeBrun

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23
Q

Beaux Arts Academy

A

Founded in the 17th century

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24
Q

Beaux Arts Academy purpose

A

educated talented students in various areas including painting, sculpture, and architecture

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25
Q

Who was the interior designer for Chateaux of Vaux-Le-Vicomte

A

Charles LeBrun

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26
Q

French Chateau began to develop…

A

Gender oriented spaces

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27
Q

Chateaux of Vaux-Le-Vicomte floor plan

A

symmetrical floor plan (one wing for the husband one wing for the wife)

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28
Q

French baroque attention to privacy

A

rooms became ever more socially exclusive towards the end of the wing. If you were important and close enough you may be able to move to antechamber from the salon

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29
Q

French Baroque represented what through spaces

A

Social hierarchy

30
Q

social filters

A

17th century spaces are significant in terms of social screening

31
Q

Chateau of Vaux-Le-Vicomte architect

A

Louis Le Van

32
Q

Chateau of Vaux-Le-Vicomte landscape architect

A

Andre Le Notre

33
Q

Chateau of Vaux-Le-Vicomte had what change in design process

A

Collaboration between designers

34
Q

Chateau of Vaux-Le-Vicomte built for

A

For M. Fouquet

35
Q

Chateau of Vaux-Le-Vicomte plan

A

May have to draw for mid-term
cabinet was the most exclusive room
scale becomes smaller and more intimate from salon to cabinet

36
Q

Chateau of Vaux-Le-Vicomte rooms

A

Antechamber
grand salon
salon de muses
salon de Hercules
Bedroom of Nicolas Fouquet

37
Q

Bedroom of Nicolas Fouquet

A

the minister of finance to King Louis XIV
the transformation of an older castle was begun by architect Louis Le Vau in 1641

38
Q

PALACE OF VERSAILLES

A

1661 - 1715

39
Q

PALACE OF VERSAILLES designers

A

Louis Le Van - architect
Charles LeBrun - Interior Designer
Andre Le Notre - landscape architect

40
Q

Louis XIV’s building campaign

A

sent spies to Venice to learn glass making
wanted to produce everything in France (mercantilism)
highly regulated design

41
Q

PALACE OF VERSAILLES flooring

A

Le Brun used parquetry on floor

42
Q

Why were mirrors used in the PALACE OF VERSAILLES

A

spatial constraints - first time in history

43
Q

Palace of Versailles rooms were…

A

Themed based on gender

44
Q

Hall of mirrors

A

wanted a long corridor with large windows on either side, but one side was an inner wall so Le Brun used large panels of float glass

45
Q

Queen’s Chamber

A

women seen as softer and delicate
color choices reflect this

46
Q

Salon of War

A

Hard surfaces and more straight lines
bodily strength important

47
Q

Salon of Peace

A

Same materials, but more delicate in use

48
Q

Louis XIV’s Bedchamber

A

Le Brun used a triumphal arch in King’s bedroom
(Emphasis on the bed & bedroom)

49
Q

The Hercules Drawing Room

A

Château de Versailles, Paris, France

50
Q

Room of the Bull’s eye window

A

Louis XIV was getting older. Rooms become smaller and more intimate towards the end of his reign.

51
Q

Why were rooms becoming smaller towards the end of Louis XIV reign

A

Rooms closer to human scale to make easier for older king to navigate

52
Q

Room of the Bull’s Eye Window decoration

A

A lighter decoration is used in this space. Substitution of expensive materials with more modest materials-No marble veneers for example. (France was having financial problems)

53
Q

What does the Room of the Bull’s Eye Window show us

A

King is losing control over architecture

54
Q

Baroque furniture

A

Stiff and formal furniture arrangements. Furniture was designed to be lined up against the wall.

55
Q

HIERARCHY OF SEATING FURNITURE

A

Fauteuil, Chaise, Tabouret, Tabouret de grace, Tabouret d’un seul fois

56
Q

Fauteuil

A

High-backed upholstered armchair

57
Q

Chaise

A

High-backed upholstered armless chair

58
Q

Tabouret

A

Upholstered stool

59
Q

Tabouret de grace

A

Inherited by loyalty to the King
King given right to sit in a certain seat
Can be passed down

60
Q

Tabouret d’un seul fois

A

King given right to sit in a stool for a single time

61
Q

Commode

A

Chest of drawers which was introduced during Louis XIV period

62
Q

Armoire

A

Cupboard

63
Q

Torchiere

A

Floor lamp

64
Q

Tortoiseshell inlay

A

Turtle shells used inlaid on furniture

65
Q

Ormoulu

A

Gilded bronze ornaments on furniture

66
Q

André-Charles Boulle

A

1642 - 1732

67
Q

Who was André-Charles Boulle

A

Master cabinetmaker to Louis XIV
The first cabinetmaker to have work named after himself

68
Q

André-Charles Boulle innovations

A

His innovation was the use of materials. One of the first cabinetmakers to use gilt-bronze mounts
Mounts were functional (protected the corners and also added sculptural beauty to the piece
Contrasting colors: Brass and tortoiseshell are signature materials

69
Q

Gilds

A

Groups that made rules for production of products
Controlled quality
From medieval times

70
Q

French Baroque Cabinet features

A

Ionic columns
Lion paw feet (Shows power)
Asian elements / ornaments (Inspiration from other cultures)
S and c curves on decorative elements
General form is straight

71
Q

French Baroque summary

A

King Louis is god like and in control
more straight lines than s and c curves
gendered spaces
concepts, colors, materials
grid like and strict
Specific designers for separate parts
remembered by name
architect, interior designer, landscape architect, furniture maker, etc.

History of Interiors (16 decks)

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