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History of Interiors > Early Christian, Byzantine, and Romanesque > Flashcards

Early Christian, Byzantine, and Romanesque Flashcards

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1
Q

Christianity became the official religion

A

313 CE

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2
Q

Constantinople (Istanbul) became the capital of the Roman Empire

A

330 CE

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3
Q

Decline period for the Roman Empire

A

400 CE

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4
Q

fall of constantinople

A

453

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5
Q

Early Medieval (Dark ages) Feudal system

A

476-1100

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6
Q

Later Middle Ages

A

1100-1453

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7
Q

Plague of Justinian (Pandemic wiped 25 million people in the Middle East and the Mediterranean)

A

541-2

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8
Q

Charlemagne crowned emperor

A

800

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9
Q

The Council of Aachen

A

816

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10
Q

The Plan of Saint Gall

A

830

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11
Q

Saeculum Obscurum (The Dark Age: A period of corrupt popes)

A

904-964

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12
Q

Great Schism: Official break between the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church

A

1054

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13
Q

First Crusade to recapture the Holy Land

A

1095 CE

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14
Q

three estate model - social classes

A

clergy, nobility, peasants

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15
Q

how to tell social construct of culture

A

Look at spaces and architecture for social construct and privacy

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16
Q

Roman basilica transformed into…

A

Christian Church

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17
Q

early Christian basilica church

A

High central nave
at the end was the alter
On either side of the naves, were aisles
Clerestory windows provided natural light for the nave
Masonry walls, wooden roof system
Change in height and row of columns provided a clear separation between nave and aisles

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18
Q

early Christian basilica church columns

A

Columns based on classical orders, sometimes Ionic but mostly Corinthian

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19
Q

vault types

A

barrel vault / tunnel vault

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20
Q

Transition from square room to a dome

A

Must keep the structural integrity of the dome
Flying buttresses helped keep the structure
90 degree to curve fix

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21
Q

Squinch

A

a triangular corner that supports the base of a dome

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22
Q

Pendentive

A

a constructional device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or of an elliptical dome over a rectangular room.

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23
Q

what is special about a Pendentive

A

more than likely had something to do with the Byzantine

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24
Q

Religious Buildings with central planning

A

radial symmetry

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25
Q

Basilican model

A

Bilateral symmetry

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26
Q

How did countries get their lower class to believe in a religion

A

Illustration of religious events taught generally illiterate public

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27
Q

Richly decorated interiors with mosaics, colored marble were from

A

more than likely had something to do with the Byzantine

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28
Q

how to increase natural light in religious buildings

A

Row of windows on the dome
Dome with windows all the way around used a lot

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29
Q

what were domes lined with windows from

A

Ottoman Empire

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30
Q

what visual trick did windows in a dome play

A

Windows make space and dome feel lighter
Dome almost visually floats

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31
Q

Byzantine used what two features in their designs

A

Flying buttresses and pendentives

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32
Q

Santa Costanza

A

Rome, 350

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33
Q

Santa Costanza floor plan

A

Circular floor plan
No need to worry about corners and dome connection

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34
Q

Additive qualities

A

adds multiple elements to make the whole

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35
Q

Santa Costanza original design

A

Originally designed as the tomb of Constantine’s daughters

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36
Q

Santa Costanza

A

Rome, 350

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37
Q

San Vitale

A

532 - 548 Ravenna, Italy

38
Q

Architectural shell

A

Buildings don’t always look the from the inside and outside

39
Q

Dosseret

A

a clearly defined block resting on the capital of a column and serving as an extra impost in Byzantine and Romanesque architecture

40
Q

Mosaic of Empress Theodora and attendants

A

San Vitale Italy c. 547

41
Q

what is special about mosaics of this time

A

No depth or perspective
Kind of perspective and elevation
Tries with layering of people and the fabrics they are wearing

42
Q

How is social status and hierarchy shown in mosaics

A

Most important people shown in the front

43
Q

Basilica Cistern

A

Istanbul, Turkey 532

44
Q

where is the Basilica Cistern in Istanbul, Turkey

A

Underground - safe way to keep water without it getting poisoned

45
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

Istanbul, Turkey 532-537

46
Q

changes made to Hagia Sophia when changed to mosque

A

Minarets added in conversion to mosque and White washed walls to cover mosaics

47
Q

why is Hagia Sophia a highly political site

A

Turned to museum - some want it to stay a religious space / several religions involved

48
Q

Hagia Sophia Ottoman Elements

A

Marble squares and circular “signs”

49
Q

How does the Hagia Sophia represent both religions

A

Today Christian mosaics are exposed and ottoman artifact still exist

50
Q

Sequencing of spaces at Hagia Sophia

A

Each on opens up bigger than the previous one

51
Q

SS. Sergius and Bacchus

A

Istanbul 527 CE

52
Q

which building was a trial for Hagia Sophia

A

SS. Sergius and Bacchus

53
Q

Hagia Irene

A

Istanbul, Turkey 548

54
Q

Hagia Irene first build

A

by Constantine I

55
Q

Hagia Irene rebuild

A

expanded after the fire by Constantine II

56
Q

Hagia Irene 404 program

A

After the destruction of Hagia Sophia, temporarily functioned as a cathedral

57
Q

Hagia Irene last rebuild

A

Rebuilt by Justinian (527-565)

58
Q

Maria

A

Cosmedin, Rome 772 - 795 CE

59
Q

St. Gall

A

The earliest preserved and most extraordinary visualization of a building complex produced in the Middle Ages

60
Q

St. Gall Plan

A

created at the monastery of Reichenau sometime in the period 819 - 826 CE

61
Q

St. Gall multi-use program

A

Constant work prevented community from doing devilish things

62
Q

Abbey of S. Gall

A

Switzerland c. 820-19th century

63
Q

Why is the Abbey of S. Gall hard to date

A

Not all Romanesque and has baroque elements / Rebuilt in 1755-1768

64
Q

Chora Church

A

Istanbul, Turkey (4th century) 11th

65
Q

Romanesque Architecture origin

A

There is no consensus about when it started
6th - late 11th century

66
Q

Romanesque Architecture elements

A

Cut stone construction
Use of arches, vaults (barrel, tunnel, and groin), buttresses
Smaller windows
Stone roofs instead of wooden (barrel vaults over a long church nave)
Generally symmetrical plans
Less decorated exteriors and interiors compared to Gothic
Each significant space has a separate form which can be perceived from outside

67
Q

Castles, churches and monasteries power dynamic

A

Nobility and clergy have all the power

68
Q

what did Romanesque Architecture start to do

A

Use of stained glass
Gothic uses more

69
Q

Saint Marco

A

Italy 1063-1073

70
Q

Saint Marco element

A

Use of pendentives

71
Q

Odo von Metz program

A

Palatine chapel

72
Q

Odo von Metz

A

Germany 798

73
Q

S. Michael’s

A

Hildesheim, Germany 1010-1033

74
Q

S. Miniato al Monte

A

Italy 1018-1062

75
Q

Most daring country in architecture at the time

A

Italy

76
Q

next most daring country in architecture at the time

A

France

77
Q

Church of S. Foy

A

France 1050-1120

78
Q

Abbey church of La Madeleine

A

France 1104-1132

79
Q

Abbey of Mont S. Michel

A

France 1017

80
Q

what do all abbeys have

A

All have strong use of natural light / connects to nature

81
Q

Durham Cathedral

A

England 1110-1133

82
Q

St. Andrew’s Church

A

Norway 1150

83
Q

what does St. Andrew’s Church show

A

adaptation of previous designs to a new culture

84
Q

Hedingham Castle

A

England, 1140

85
Q

Hedingham Castle walls

A

Thick walls affect the natural light
Boundary between interior and exterior was very important

86
Q

Hedingham Castle structure

A

Lighter elements at the top and heavy elements at the bottom

87
Q

why can furniture mess up the dating of a building

A

furniture can be added later so look at architecture for dating

88
Q

Monastery of St. Martin du Canigou

A

France 1007-1026

89
Q

Monastery design reasons

A

Not luxurious space
Meant for god to be more important

90
Q

Abby of Le Thoronet

A

France 1130

History of Interiors (16 decks)

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