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History of Interiors > Early Christian, Byzantine, and Romanesque > Flashcards

Early Christian, Byzantine, and Romanesque Flashcards

1
Q

Christianity became the official religion

A

313 CE

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2
Q

Constantinople (Istanbul) became the capital of the Roman Empire

A

330 CE

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3
Q

Decline period for the Roman Empire

A

400 CE

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4
Q

fall of constantinople

A

453

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5
Q

Early Medieval (Dark ages) Feudal system

A

476-1100

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6
Q

Later Middle Ages

A

1100-1453

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7
Q

Plague of Justinian (Pandemic wiped 25 million people in the Middle East and the Mediterranean)

A

541-2

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8
Q

Charlemagne crowned emperor

A

800

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9
Q

The Council of Aachen

A

816

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10
Q

The Plan of Saint Gall

A

830

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11
Q

Saeculum Obscurum (The Dark Age: A period of corrupt popes)

A

904-964

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12
Q

Great Schism: Official break between the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church

A

1054

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13
Q

First Crusade to recapture the Holy Land

A

1095 CE

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14
Q

three estate model - social classes

A

clergy, nobility, peasants

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15
Q

how to tell social construct of culture

A

Look at spaces and architecture for social construct and privacy

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16
Q

Roman basilica transformed into…

A

Christian Church

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17
Q

early Christian basilica church

A

High central nave
at the end was the alter
On either side of the naves, were aisles
Clerestory windows provided natural light for the nave
Masonry walls, wooden roof system
Change in height and row of columns provided a clear separation between nave and aisles

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18
Q

early Christian basilica church columns

A

Columns based on classical orders, sometimes Ionic but mostly Corinthian

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19
Q

vault types

A

barrel vault / tunnel vault

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20
Q

Transition from square room to a dome

A

Must keep the structural integrity of the dome
Flying buttresses helped keep the structure
90 degree to curve fix

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21
Q

Squinch

A

a triangular corner that supports the base of a dome

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22
Q

Pendentive

A

a constructional device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or of an elliptical dome over a rectangular room.

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23
Q

what is special about a Pendentive

A

more than likely had something to do with the Byzantine

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24
Q

Religious Buildings with central planning

A

radial symmetry

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25
Basilican model
Bilateral symmetry
26
How did countries get their lower class to believe in a religion
Illustration of religious events taught generally illiterate public
27
Richly decorated interiors with mosaics, colored marble were from
more than likely had something to do with the Byzantine
28
how to increase natural light in religious buildings
Row of windows on the dome Dome with windows all the way around used a lot
29
what were domes lined with windows from
Ottoman Empire
30
what visual trick did windows in a dome play
Windows make space and dome feel lighter Dome almost visually floats
31
Byzantine used what two features in their designs
Flying buttresses and pendentives
32
Santa Costanza
Rome, 350
33
Santa Costanza floor plan
Circular floor plan No need to worry about corners and dome connection
34
Additive qualities
adds multiple elements to make the whole
35
Santa Costanza original design
Originally designed as the tomb of Constantine’s daughters
36
Santa Costanza
Rome, 350
37
San Vitale
532 - 548 Ravenna, Italy
38
Architectural shell
Buildings don’t always look the from the inside and outside
39
Dosseret
a clearly defined block resting on the capital of a column and serving as an extra impost in Byzantine and Romanesque architecture
40
Mosaic of Empress Theodora and attendants
San Vitale Italy c. 547
41
what is special about mosaics of this time
No depth or perspective Kind of perspective and elevation Tries with layering of people and the fabrics they are wearing
42
How is social status and hierarchy shown in mosaics
Most important people shown in the front
43
Basilica Cistern
Istanbul, Turkey 532
44
where is the Basilica Cistern in Istanbul, Turkey
Underground - safe way to keep water without it getting poisoned
45
Hagia Sophia
Istanbul, Turkey 532-537
46
changes made to Hagia Sophia when changed to mosque
Minarets added in conversion to mosque and White washed walls to cover mosaics
47
why is Hagia Sophia a highly political site
Turned to museum - some want it to stay a religious space / several religions involved
48
Hagia Sophia Ottoman Elements
Marble squares and circular "signs"
49
How does the Hagia Sophia represent both religions
Today Christian mosaics are exposed and ottoman artifact still exist
50
Sequencing of spaces at Hagia Sophia
Each on opens up bigger than the previous one
51
SS. Sergius and Bacchus
Istanbul 527 CE
52
which building was a trial for Hagia Sophia
SS. Sergius and Bacchus
53
Hagia Irene
Istanbul, Turkey 548
54
Hagia Irene first build
by Constantine I
55
Hagia Irene rebuild
expanded after the fire by Constantine II
56
Hagia Irene 404 program
After the destruction of Hagia Sophia, temporarily functioned as a cathedral
57
Hagia Irene last rebuild
Rebuilt by Justinian (527-565)
58
Maria
Cosmedin, Rome 772 - 795 CE
59
St. Gall
The earliest preserved and most extraordinary visualization of a building complex produced in the Middle Ages
60
St. Gall Plan
created at the monastery of Reichenau sometime in the period 819 - 826 CE
61
St. Gall multi-use program
Constant work prevented community from doing devilish things
62
Abbey of S. Gall
Switzerland c. 820-19th century
63
Why is the Abbey of S. Gall hard to date
Not all Romanesque and has baroque elements / Rebuilt in 1755-1768
64
Chora Church
Istanbul, Turkey (4th century) 11th
65
Romanesque Architecture origin
There is no consensus about when it started 6th - late 11th century
66
Romanesque Architecture elements
Cut stone construction Use of arches, vaults (barrel, tunnel, and groin), buttresses Smaller windows Stone roofs instead of wooden (barrel vaults over a long church nave) Generally symmetrical plans Less decorated exteriors and interiors compared to Gothic Each significant space has a separate form which can be perceived from outside
67
Castles, churches and monasteries power dynamic
Nobility and clergy have all the power
68
what did Romanesque Architecture start to do
Use of stained glass Gothic uses more
69
Saint Marco
Italy 1063-1073
70
Saint Marco element
Use of pendentives
71
Odo von Metz program
Palatine chapel
72
Odo von Metz
Germany 798
73
S. Michael’s
Hildesheim, Germany 1010-1033
74
S. Miniato al Monte
Italy 1018-1062
75
Most daring country in architecture at the time
Italy
76
next most daring country in architecture at the time
France
77
Church of S. Foy
France 1050-1120
78
Abbey church of La Madeleine
France 1104-1132
79
Abbey of Mont S. Michel
France 1017
80
what do all abbeys have
All have strong use of natural light / connects to nature
81
Durham Cathedral
England 1110-1133
82
St. Andrew’s Church
Norway 1150
83
what does St. Andrew’s Church show
adaptation of previous designs to a new culture
84
Hedingham Castle
England, 1140
85
Hedingham Castle walls
Thick walls affect the natural light Boundary between interior and exterior was very important
86
Hedingham Castle structure
Lighter elements at the top and heavy elements at the bottom
87
why can furniture mess up the dating of a building
furniture can be added later so look at architecture for dating
88
Monastery of St. Martin du Canigou
France 1007-1026
89
Monastery design reasons
Not luxurious space Meant for god to be more important
90
Abby of Le Thoronet
France 1130

History of Interiors (16 decks)

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