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History of Interiors > Classical Civilizations: Greece and Rome > Flashcards

Classical Civilizations: Greece and Rome Flashcards

Lecture 2 (2/2)

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1
Q

Minoan and Mycenaean Cultures timeline

A

(2200 BCE-1100 BCE)

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2
Q

Minoan and Mycenaean location

A

Developed on small islands in the Aegean (Cycladic Islands), Crete and mainland of Greece (Peloponnesus)

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2
Q

Minoan and Mycenaean population

A

Population of 80,000 was supported by agriculture and fishing

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3
Q

Knossos

A

Palace of King Minos, 1450-1370 BCE

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4
Q

Palace of King Minos Discovery?

A

following excavations which started in 1900 by Sir Arthur Evans

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5
Q

Palace of King Minos plan?

A

loose agglomeration around a large central open space

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6
Q

Palace of King Minos design?

A

Lower level of narrow chambers on one side
Larger chambers; thought to be ceremonial rooms on the upper level
Spacing between the columns in larger spaces suggest a wooden beam structure

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7
Q

Palace of King Minos furniture use

A

Rulers had tall stone thrones with back others had shorter benches with no back

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8
Q

Palace at Mycenae city type

A

Naturally defensible city

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9
Q

Megaron

A

a rectangular hall with a portico in the front and a centrally located hearth

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10
Q

Mycenaean Palace design

A

Vibrant colors and plant motifs

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11
Q

Lion Gate location and date

A

Mycenae: 1300 BCE - 1250 BCE

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12
Q

Lion Gate type

A

Post and lintel structure
Cyclopean masonry

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13
Q

How is the Lions Gate so tall

A

Corbelling was used to construct the wall very high

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14
Q

Lions Gate Relieving space?

A

the triangular space between the corbelling

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15
Q

is the Lions Gate the first relief / monumental structure on mainland Greece

A

Yes

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16
Q

A column is represented in the middle of the Lions gate

A

wider at the top a feature very similar to columns used in Minoan architecture

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17
Q

Mycenaean culture and architecture was influenced by

A

Minoans

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18
Q

Mycenae timeline

A

1550 BCE - 1500 BCE

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19
Q

mainland Greece in the Bronze Age was dominated by

A

Mycenaean culture

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20
Q

Mycenae city type

A

fortified city (culture of war?) (offensive vs. defensive?)

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21
Q

Mycenaean people traded as far as

A

Italy and North Africa

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22
Q

Treasury of Atreus timeline

A

Mycenae c. 1300 BCE - 1250 BCE

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23
Q

Treasury of Atreus shape

A

Beehive tomb

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24
Q

Beehive Tomb use

A

Ruling elite was buried in this type of tomb

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25
Q

beehive tomb construction

A

Utilizes corbelling technique

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26
Q

Treasury of Atreus size

A

Largest domical space until Pantheon (Rome)

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27
Q

The Greek Temple plan precedent

A

plan derived from the Aegean Megaron

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28
Q

Greek temple function

A

Ceremonial and symbolic

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29
Q

Cella

A

the enclosed space of the temple (one or two rooms)

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30
Q

Polychromy

A

use of various colors

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31
Q

Greek temple observation

A

Permanence
Symmetry
Grounded, Static, permanent

32
Q

Parthenon Athens timeline

A

447 BC - 436 BC

33
Q

Greek orders

A

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

34
Q

Stoa of Attalos

A

Athens 150 BCE

35
Q

agora

A

civic center or market place

36
Q

Stoa

A

sheltered space for commerce

37
Q

ancient Greek house aspects

A

grouping of rooms around a courtyard
blank exteriors
Sun baked brick or rough stone
surface plastered or stuccoed and whitewashed
rarely symmetrical
larger homes occasionally had a second floor

38
Q

andron

A

a vestibule parlor used by men

39
Q

oecus

A

all purpose living primarily used by women and children

40
Q

Did Ancient Greek furniture survive

A

no

41
Q

Klismos chair

A

the stele of Hegisto 410 BCE

42
Q

Roman Empire

A

750 BCE? - 476/1453

43
Q

Domus Italica aspects

A

atrium space in center
rooms surrounding

44
Q

Pompeii

A

powerful city state involved in trade

45
Q

Pompeii trade items

A

experts in metal working, ceramic, and fresco

46
Q

how was Pompeii different than other cities

A

Etruscan women had more power than their Greek counterparts and were afforded a remarkably equal status with men. Women were a part of public life.

47
Q

What is special about the Roman insula and the renaissance Palazzo

A

urban type first century architecture adapted for 15th-17th c architecture

48
Q

How are the Roman insula and the renaissance Palazzo similar

A

interacts with street
lower level public shopping
upper level private homes

49
Q

The Mycenaean Bridge

A

Kazarma 1,300 BCE

50
Q

The Mycenaean Bridge construction

A

oldest arch, built with limestone without mortar / shape of stones balance it

51
Q

who first used groin vaults

A

Romans

51
Q

arch construction

A

wooden form to build upon
custom cut bricks
keystone at top keeps everything together

51
Q

Lintel

A

type of beam that spans openings such as portals, doors, windows and fireplaces.

52
Q

corbel arch

A

arch-like construction method that uses the architectural technique of corbeling to span a space or void

53
Q

Roman Bath engineering

A

2 layers of walls
engineering starting to come into architecture
hot water in between to keep space warm

54
Q

column type at the baths of Caracalla

A

Composite columns

55
Q

why is Maison Carree significant

A

located in a province belongs to a period in which Roman transitioned from a republic to an empire

56
Q

Maison Carree use

A

Roman temple dedicated to the imperial court

57
Q

Pantheon use

A

temple to all gods

58
Q

pantheon aspects

A

Corinthian order
coffered dome
Oculus is the source of internal lighting
Concrete dome
Concrete and brick walls with stone facing
Rotunda interior

59
Q

Coffered dome purpose

A

used for structure not looks
concrete is heavy - coffering makes it lighter

60
Q

what is the Basilica of Maxentius used for

A

public assembly hall

61
Q

Roman Basilica Pompeii aspects

A

a major secular building type
used as a court room
masonry walls
wooden roof
Nave and aisles with focal apse

62
Q

When were basilicas were converted into churches

A

Under empire constantine (1st c CE)

63
Q

Pompeii and Herculaneum

A

eruption of Mount Vesuvius 79 CE
resort towns

64
Q

Roman Houses Aspects

A

houses were typically one or two stories
fronting the street with a blank wall, or shops
Open courtyard
Open atrium and a pool in the center
Axis with the entrance was the formal parlor adjacent dining room furnished with three couches

65
Q

Impluvium

A

Roman pool

66
Q

Tablinum

A

Roman formal parlor

67
Q

Triclinium

A

Roman dining room

68
Q

Furniture from Pompeii

A

useful and decorative
made structural elements decorative

69
Q

Roman Dining

A

romans ate their dinners reclining in their triclinia

70
Q

convivium

A

a communal meal and an event for sexual pleasures and overindulgence

71
Q

Baths of Caracalla

A

211-17 CE ??

72
Q

Madison Carree

A

Nimes, France 1st c BCE

73
Q

Pantheon

A

Rome (118-28 BCE)

74
Q

Basilica of Maxentius

A

Rome 307-312

75
Q

Roman Basilica - Pompeii

A

2nd c BCE

76
Q

The markets at Trajan

A

Rome 100-112

History of Interiors (16 decks)

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