Islam Flashcards
Mosque is around Kabba, Kiswa is cloth covering Kabba. Kufic script. Little black stone only original location peice. Believed to have been built by Abraham and Ishmael. Ishmael is Abraham’s son. God told Abraham his sons would make two different religions Ishmael is Islam Isaac is Christian. Pilgrim . Make trip to mecca and circumambulate around kabba. Go counterclockwise seven times. Kiswa changed every year
The Kaaba, 631 to 632, granite masonry covered in silk, gold and silver thread, Mecca
Octagon shape, pilgrimage site. Rock is supposedly where Adam was buried Abraham sacrificed . Rock is supposedly where Adam was buried Abraham almost sacrifice Isaac, Muhammad ascended into heaven, spot of original temple of Jerusalem. Octagon wall with the rock inside. No iconography in Islamic religious sites. Lots of calligraphy and kufactscript around outside. Inscription says Islamic is monotheistic, Islam is only way and Christianity is polytheism because of Trinity. Built during umayadd dynasty
Dome of the rock, 691 to 692, stone masonry and wood with roof glazed ceramic tile, mosaics and guilt aluminum and brownstone, Jerusalem
Large garden courtyard, HIPAA style mosque, geometric patterns striped double arches to allow them to go higher. Light. Mask for Islamic worship of Allah built where a church was and reconquest happened and they put the church back in the middle. Church Mosque combo. Columns are Roman spoilia. Script on walls. Domes and squinches show Byzantine influence. Influence for double arches from aqueduct system in Merida Spain. Horseshoe archways inspired from visigoths in spain.
Great mosque , Cordoba Spain, 8-10th century, stone
Large structure, Central courtyard completely enclosed by building. Marionettes, mihrab, quibla wall in courtyard. Ornate mosaics, small private entrance for location for sultan. Has minbar. Largest opening in center, mukarna cutouts, honeycomb like. Multiple iwans, largest points to Mecca. First time iwans are used in mosques not just palaces
Great mosque, Isfahan Iran, stone tile mosaic wood
Tall minarets, hypostyle and dome, lots of windows. Dome placed on octagon base. Mosque within complex with various services such as market School library. Sinan was main architect for Ottoman empire during the rule of Sulymen the magnificent. Inspired by hagia Sophia
Mosque of Selim II, Edirne Spain, 1568 to 1575, stone and brick
Onion shaped dome, minarets, symmetrical, reflecting pool. Kufic script all around. Corners are cut off called chamferred. January 2 for mumtaz mahal and Shah Jahan. Wife died giving birth to 14th son and Shaw makes Taj mahal for her. Also could show off his money. Garden with reflecting pool called charbaugh.
Taj mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, multiple workers under supervision of Ahmad Lohri, 1632 - 1653, stone masonry and marble with inlay of precious stone and semi-precious Stone
Prayer rug originally on a site for a Sufi saint. Part of set of two. Wrong supposed to be ceiling, but on rug. Middle could be dome, hanging lamps one larger than other. done on purpose so if one person faces the smaller one, they look the same. Could also be because Allah is the only one who is perfect. Corners are squinches. Inscription says who made it. G
Years are counted different in islamic, after Muhammad.
The Arbadil carpet, .Maqsud of Kashawn, 1539 to 1540, silk on woll
Toothache script, black letters are consonants, red dots mean vowels, placement shows pronunciation. Read right to left, diagonal line she’ll vocalization. Big scripts and multiple people read at the same time. Gold is heading, which says al-Ankabut, which means the spider. Part of the Qur’an. Says that those who don’t believe in Ella as the only protector or like spiders who have flimsy webs and they build their home and spirit in a flimsy way.
Folio from a Qur’an, North africa, Abbasid, 8 to 9th Dynasty color and gold on parchment
Made of elephant tusks, reserved for higher-ups. Horror vacui relief. Not religious so can have animals. Kufic script says owner’s name and date. Ornate container for scents, gift to caliph’s son. Medallions contain different hobbies. One has a umayadd life player next to an Abbasid fan bearer. Another has umayadd men collecting eggs from falcons nest, symbol of legitimacy for dynasty. In another, a lion is attacking bulls. Lions symbolize victory. Men on horseback are date picking, dates are from North Africa, symbolize Land Lost to , symbolize Land Lost to Umayyads by abbasids
Pyxis of al-mughira, Umayyad, 968, ivory
Picture framed by text on top of bottom. Shows Bahram Gur slaying Karg/ unicorn. From the book of Kings written by Firdawsi about Kings. Persian manuscript commissioned for court member. Chinese landscape, flat background and atmospheric respective. Wearing European fabrics. The story about Bahram girl on his way to China and slays a karg
Bahram Gur fights the Karg, Islamic, Persian, Il’Kahnid, 13:30 to 1340, ink and opaque watercolor, gold and silver on paper
Also from Firdawsi book of Kings. Harmony. Focus is on image. Made for Shaw Tahmap 1 because he thought he was part of the history of Persian kings. About the first king of the Gayumars and his court. His son is to the left and grandson to the right. Gayumars is told by an Angel that a demon will kill his son. Wearing leopard skin as a power statement because the leopards are predators
Court of the Gayumars, sultan Muhammad, 1522 to 1525, ink opaque watercolor and gold on paper
Massive complex gardens, fountains, based on charbaugh gardens like Taj mahal. Palace has water that runs through and cools building. Court of lions has lion statues fully up fountains, tall skinny columns help with lighting. Hall of sisters has.kufic script and geometry. Third shift ceiling with Windows to bring in light. Stalactite textures and makarna reflect light
Alhambra palace, Granada spain, Nasrid Dynasty, 1354 to 1391, whitewashed adobe, stucco, wood tile paint.
Used to baptize children of Royal French family, wasn’t originally French. Created by mamluk artists, who were slave warriors and ruled Egypt and Syria. Known for metal work. Normally the metal work is filled with calligraphy, but this has figured in animals so could be for non-muslim or export. All is covered, shows sea animals, men on horseback. Medallions with two rulers. Four figures, two hunting one has bow, four figures, two hunting one has bow, one is processing. All the people are processing towards rulers. Bottom has a fleur de lis, a symbol of France but also related to a mamluk sultan. Could have been reworked. Inscription says artist name and was signed six times
Basin (baptisére de st.louis), Muhammad ibn al-zain, 1320 to 1340, brass inlaid with gold and silver
