Iron Flashcards

1
Q

what forms of iron are stable in the body

A
  1. oxidized ferric

2. reduced ferrous

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2
Q

where and by what is iron absorbed

A

basolateral membrane by ferroportin

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3
Q

heme remains absorbed across the brush boarder by

A

heme carrier protein 1

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4
Q

heme is hydrolyzed by enzyme _____ into ____ and ______

A

heme oxygenase
ferrous iron
protoporphyrin

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5
Q

nonheme iron hydrolyzed from food by ____ and ___ (released as ferric iron)

A

proteases

HCL

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6
Q

what is found at the brush border to reduce oxidized ferric to reduced ferrous

A

duodenal cytochrome b reductase

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7
Q

what transports iron, calcium, zinc, and copper throughout the cell

A

mobilferrin

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8
Q

what membrane transport protein does the basolateral boarder use

A

ferroportin (FPN1)

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9
Q

ferrous iron transported through basolateral boarder by copper containing protein called

A

hephaestin

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10
Q

what is the glycoprotein made in the liver that carries 2 iron atoms called

A

transferrin

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11
Q

what is the body’s iron storage protein called

A

ferritin

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12
Q

what are the two isoforms of tranferrin receptors

A
  1. TfR1 - cell membranes

2. TfR2 - liver and intestinal cell membranes

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13
Q

what are the 3 routes macrophages can acquire iron

A
  1. phagocytosis of RBC’s
  2. receptor mediated endocytosis of hemoglobin
  3. receptor mediated endocytosis of transferrin
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14
Q

what is the primary storage from of iron

A

ferritin

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15
Q

long term storage protein (thought to be degradation product of ferritin)

A

hemosiderin

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16
Q

ferritin levels in the liver drive production of ____ (suppresses iron absorption)

A

hepcidin

17
Q

fully saturated with 4 iron molecules when cellular iron concentrations are high

A

iron response element binding protein (IRE-BP)

18
Q

iron response element binding protein (IRE-BP) binds to what cytosolic enzyme

A

aconitase

19
Q

mitochondrial enzyme involved in last step of heme synthesis

A

ferrochelatase

20
Q

____ for serotonin synthesis

A

tryptophan hydroxylase

21
Q

____ for tyrosine synthesis

A

phenylalanine hydroxylase

22
Q

_____ for dopamine synthesis

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

23
Q

what two dioxygenases does collagen synthesis require

A
  1. prolyl hydroxylase

2. lysyl hydroxylase

24
Q

what two dioxygenases does carnitine synthesis require

A
  1. trimethyllysine dioxygenase

2. 4 - butyrobetaine dioxygenase

25
Q

iron as a pro-oxidant

A

fenton reaction

26
Q

_____ enhances iron absorption

A

vitamin c

27
Q

copper is a cofactor for what two ferroxidase ezymes

A
  1. hephaestin

2. ceruloplasmin

28
Q

iron cannot be mobilized out of small intestine without ___ bc it would lead to ___

A

copper

anemia

29
Q

__ can cause anemia

A

lead

30
Q

_____ can insert lead instead of iron into center of heme ring

A

ferrochelatase (inhibits aminolevulinic acid dehydrase)

31
Q

UL is

A

45mg/day