Calcium

Question 1

what induces the synthesis of all 3 calcium transport proteins

Answer 1

calcitrol

Question 2

what are the 3 transport proteins of calcium

Answer 2

1. TRPV6
2. calbindin D9K
3. vitamin D dependent calcium ATPase

Question 3

calcium is best sourced in what foods

Answer 3

grains and vegetables

Question 4

what are the 4 enhancers of calcium absorption

Answer 4

1. vitamin D
2. lactose
3. sugar alcohols
4. protein

Question 5

unabsorbed dietary fatty acids form insoluble _____ which are excreted into the feces as

Answer 5

calcium soaps

steatorrhea

Question 6

high plasma phosphorus can ___ calcitriol production in kidneys leading to _____

Answer 6

reduce

reduce calcium absorption

Question 7

when plasma calcium is low, ____ is released from parathyroid gland

Answer 7

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Question 8

what are the 3 mechanisms PTH return Ca plasma back to normal

Answer 8

1. increase osteoclast activity
2. increases the renal tubular absorption of Ca
3. increases synthesis of calcitriol by activating 1-hydroxylase

Question 9

calcitriol increases production of 3 Ca absorption proteins in ______

Answer 9

enterocytes

1. TRPV6
2. calbindin D9K
3. Ca-ATPase

Question 10

calcitriol increases production of ____ and ___ in the ____

Answer 10

kidney

1. TRPV5
2. calbindin D28K

Question 11

what is released with Ca is too high in the plasma

Answer 11

parafollicular cells of thyroid gland release calcitonin

Question 12

what are the 2 functions of calcitonin

Answer 12

1. inhibit osteoclast activity

2. reduce renal Ca absorption

Question 13

extracellular Ca concentration can be ______ x greater than intracellular

Answer 13

10,000

Question 14

Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to ____ to initiate the skeletal or cardiac muscle cross bridge cycle

Answer 14

troponin C

Question 15

Ca binds to ______ for smooth muscle contraction

Answer 15

calmodulin

Question 16

each lobe in smooth muscle contraction contains ___ calcium binding sites and thus each calmodulin binds ___ calcium ions

Answer 16

2

4

Question 17

high protein concentration: ___ Ca excretion and ____ Ca absorption

Answer 17

high

high

Question 18

Ca can diminish absorption of ____ and influence serum lipid concentrations

Answer 18

fatty acids (decrease total and LDL cholesterol)

Question 19

increase in Ca intake (600mg or greater): _____ in blood pressure

Answer 19

decrease