Carotenoids

Question 1

what are the three most common dietary provitamin A carotenoids

Answer 1

1. alpha - carotene
2. beta - carotene
3. beta - cryptoxanthine

Question 2

what carotenoid is physiologically important

Answer 2

lycopene

Question 3

oranges, tangerines, and red bell peppers provide

Answer 3

beta - cyptoxanthine

Question 4

egg yolks are a rich source of

Answer 4

1. lutein

2. zeaxanthin

Question 5

_____ protects carotenoids from oxidation

Answer 5

vitamin E

Question 6

too much vitamin E can diminish carotenoid absorption

Answer 6

T

Question 7

in the enterocyte, beta - carotene is cleaved by using

Answer 7

beta - carotene 15,15’ - monoxygenase

Question 8

________ transcriptional expression is suppressed when retinoic acid concentrations gets too high

Answer 8

beta - carotene 15,15’ - monoxygenase

Question 9

what are the 3 routes of metabolism of carotenoids

Answer 9

1. cleaved and reduced to form retinol
2. • packaged and released from the liver in VLDL’s *
3. stored in the liver’s stellate cells

Question 10

in the serum, carotenoids are transported using

Answer 10

VLDLs, LDLs, and HDLs

Question 11

what is the best carotenoid free radical scavenger

Answer 11

lycopene

Question 12

____ appears more effective in inhibiting neoplastic transformations than beta - carotene followed by alpha - carotene, and then lycopene

Answer 12

canthaxanthin

Question 13

carotenoids suppress anti-apoptotic genes in cancer cells and activates pro-apoptiotic genes

Answer 13

T, inhibits 5 alpha - reductase

Question 14

what immune enhancing functions do carotenoids provide

Answer 14

1. increased lymphocytes
2. enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity
3. stimulated neutrophil phagocytic and bacterial killing ability

Question 15

beta - carotene supplementation can increase cancer risk in smokers, asbestos workers, and chronic alcoholics

Answer 15

T