IRAT #7 Flashcards
SGLT inhibitors block the sodium-glucose secondary active co-transporter in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Which of the following would occur because of the action of these inhibitors?
A. reabsorption of glucose from the kidney is increased
B. renal excretion of glucose is decreased
C. blood glucose levels are elevated
D. reabsorption of glucose from the kidney is decreased
E. blood glucose levels are abnormally high
D. reabsorption of glucose from the kidney is decreased
More urine than normal might be produced if:
A. protein levels in the blood are abnormally high
B. more glucose transporters than normal are in the proximal tubule
C. there is increased sympathetic activity
D. ANG II levels in the blood are elevated
E. blood glucose levels are abnormally high
E. blood glucose levels are abnormally high
Which statement is true about glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ?
A. sympathetic activation dilates the afferent arteriole, reducing GFR
B. elevated ANP dilates the afferent arteriole, increasing GFR
C. elevated ADH constricts the afferent arteriole, increasing GFR
D. parasympathetic activation dilates the afferent arteriole, reducing GFR
E. nitric oxide constricts the afferent arteriole, increasing GFR
B. elevated ANP dilates the afferent arteriole, increasing GFR
Low renal blood pressure causes:
A. a release aldosterone which converts angiotensinogen to ANG I
B. release EPO which converts ANG I to ANG II
C. release of ACE which converts angiotensinogen to ANG I
D. release of renin which converts antiotensinogen to ANG I
E. release of renin which converts ANG I to ANG II
D. release of renin which converts antiotensinogen to ANG I
Which statement is true about hypokalemia?
A. the gradient for K+ is increased between the ICF and ISF, and cells are slower to repolarize
B. the gradient for Ca++ is increased between ICF and ISF, and cells are faster to repolarize
C. the gradient for Ca++ is reduced between the ICF and ISF , and cells are slower to reploarize
D. the gradient for K+ is increased between the ICF and ISF, and cells are faster to repolarize
E. the gradient for K+ is reduced between the ICF and ISF, and cells are slower to repolarize
D. the gradient for K+ is increased between the ICF and ISF, and cells are faster to repolarize
Which letter corresponds to a region of the nephron that is always impermeable to water?
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
E. e
C. c
ADH receptors are represented by the symbol:
A.
B.
C.
A
Which statement best describes the receptors represented by the dark oval ?
A. this is an aldosterone receptor located on the plasma membrane of the cell
B. this is a glucose transporter located on the plasma membrane of the cell
C. this is an ANP receptor located in on the plasma membrane of the cell
D. this is an ADH receptor located in the nucleus of the cell
E. this is an ANP receptor located in the nucleus of the cell
C. this is an ANP receptor located in on the plasma membrane of the cell
What is the highest possible osmolarity that the filtrate can reach in a human nephron?
A. 3000 mOsM
B. 1200 mOsM
C. 9000 mOsM
D. 300 mOsM
E. 100 mOsM
B. 1200 mOsM
Which of the following would reduce the rate of water absorption by the nephron?
A. decreased levels of ANP in the blood
B. increased levels of aldosterone in the blood
C. increased levels of ADH in the blood
D. increased levels of epinephrine in the blood
E. increased levels of ANP in the blood
E. increased levels of ANP in the blood
SGLT inhibitors block the sodium-glucose secondary active co-transporter in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Which of the following would occur because of the action of these inhibitors?
A. reabsorption of glucose from the kidney is increased
B. renal excretion of glucose decrease
C. blood glucose levels are elevated
D. renal excretion of glucose is increased
E. choices B and C are correct
D. renal excretion of glucose is increased
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus causes polyuria because glucose that is not absorbed in the:
A. proximal tubule increases the solute concentration gradient between the plasma and the ISF
B. distal tubule decreases the solute concentration gradient between the filtrate and the ISF
C. collecting duct decreases the solute concentration gradient between the filtrate and the ISF
D. distal tubule increases the solute concentration gradient between the plasma and the ISF
E. proximal tubule decreases the solute concentration gradient between the filtrate and the ISF
E. proximal tubule decreases the solute concentration gradient between the filtrate and the ISF
Which statement is true about hyperkalemia?
A. the gradient for K+ is increased between the ICF and ISF, and cells are faster to repolarize
B. the gradient for Ca++ is increased between the ICF and ISF, and cells are faster to repolarize
C. the gradient for Ca++ is decreased between ICF and ISF and cells are slower to repolarize
D. the gradient for K+ is increased between the ICf and ISF, and cells are slower to repolarize
E. the gradient for K+ is decreased between the ICF and ISF, and cells are slower to repolarize
E. the gradient for K+ is decreased between the ICF and ISF, and cells are slower to repolarize
An ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor would be used to treat_______.
A. hypertension since ACE inhibition will decrease the rate of urine output
B. hypotension since ACE inhibitor will result in increased secretion of aldosterone
C. hypotension since ACE inhibition will decrease the rate of glomerular filtration
D. hypertension since ACE inhibition will result in decreased secretion of aldosterone
E. hypotension since ACE inhibition will result in decreased secretion of ANG II
D. hypertension since ACE inhibition will result in decreased secretion of aldosterone
Which of the following would increase the amount of water absorbed by the nephron?
A. excess glucose in the filtrate
B. increased levels of ANP
C. decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood
D. increased levels of aldosterone in the blood
E. decreased levels of ADH in the blood
D. increased levels of aldosterone in the blood.
