Exam 5 Flashcards
Of all the neurons in our body, which functional type of neuron is the most abundant?
A. we have roughly equal numbers of all functional neuron types
B. autonomic motor
C. somatic sensory
D. interneurons
E. visceral sensory
F. somatic motor
D. interneurons
Identify the structures (or parts) of the cell indicated in the image below :
A. dendrites
B. none of the answers given are correct
C. hillocks
D. terminals
E. axons
A. dendrites
If the job of a neuron is to carry commands from the spinal cord out to your trapezius muscle, then the neuron would belong to which of the following functional categories?
A. somatic sensory
B. somatic motor
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. visceral sensory
E. autonomic motor
B. somatic motor
Identify the CNS cells indicated in the image below:
A. satellite cells
B. neurolemmocytes
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. schwann cells
E. astrocytes
F. ependymal cells
C. none of the answers given are correct
Identify the substance indicated in the image below:
A. none of the answers given are correct
B. myoglobin
C. perikaryon
D. chromatophilic substance
E.neurofibril
A. none of the answers given are correct
Which of the following glial cells creates with “Blood-Brain Barrier” by wrapping its end feet around the capillaries in neural tissue?
A. satellite cells
B. none of the answers given are correct
C. ependymal cells
D. astrocytes
E. microglial cells
F. oligodendrocytes
D. astrocytes
To what structural category would this neuron (see below) belong?
A. none of the answers given are correct
B. multipolar
C. unipolar
D. north polar
E. amy poehler
F. bipolar
B. multipolar
How many anatomically distinct lobes are there in one hemisphere of the cerebrum?
A. 4
B. 2
C. 6
D. 5
E. 3
D. 5
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is found in which of the following spaces of the nervous system (check all that apply)
A. dural sinuses
B. cerebral aqueduct
C. subdural space
D. subarachnoid space
E. lateral ventricles
F. epidural space
G. central canal of spinal cord
B. cerebral aqueduct, E. lateral ventricles, D. subarachnoid space, & G. central canal of spinal cord
Which of the following is not a function of nuclei within the region shaded green in the image below:
A. this is a trick question because there are no nuclei in this area of the CNS
B. regulation of the body temperature
C. all of the given functions are correct for this structure
D. control of endovring fuction
E. regulation of circadian rhythms
F. routing of sensory information to cortex
F. routing of sensory information to cortex
Identify the structure indicated by green stars in the image below :
A. substantia nigra
B. inferior olivary nucleus
C. choroid plexus
D. none of the answers given are correct
E. cochlear nucleus
F. gray commissure
A. substantia nigra
Identify the structure indicated in the image below:
A. anterior commisure
B. none of the answers given are correct
C. limbic lobe
D. lateral commissure
E. internal capsule
B. none of the answers given are correct
The superior and inferior colliculi are found within what part (or portion) of the CNS?
A. medulla oblongata
B. none of the answers given are correct
C. cerebrum
D. midbrain
E. pons
F. cerebellum
D. midbrain
Identify the area of cerebral cortex in the image below:
A. none of the answers given are correct
B. primary motor cortex
C. Wernicke’s area
D. primary visual cortex
E. Broca’s area
C. Wernicke’s area
Evaluate the following statement: “ like the cerebrum, The cerebellum is divided into 2 hemispheres and has an outer layer of gray matter called the cortex”
A. true
B. false
A. true
The tissue slive below is formed from what part (or portion) of the CNS?
A. none of the answers given are correct
B. midbrain
C. medulla oblongata
D. cerebellum
E. pons insula
F. cerebrum
C. medulla oblongata
Identify the space indicated in the image below:
A. none of the answers given are correct
B. cerebral aqueduct
C. fourth ventricle
D. central ventricle
E. central canal
A. none of the answers given are correct
Identify the tissue layer in the image below:
A. pia mater
B. none of the answers given are correct
C. white mater
D. dura mater
E. gray mater
F. arachnoid mater
G. it doesn’t mater
D. dura mater
Neurons in the cortex of which lobe of the cerebrum are responsible for our awareness of and interpretation of interoceptive information? note that this area of cortex may be involved in generating “self-awareness.”
A. parietal
B. frontal
C. insular
D. limbic
E none of the answers given are correct
F. occipital
G. temporal
C. insular
Identify the space (or deep groove/ deep depression) indicated by the blue dotted line in the image below:
A. insular sulcus (or insular fissure)
B. lateral sulcus (or lateral fissure)
C. temporal sulcus (or temporal fissure)
D. central sulcus (or central fissure)
E. none of the answers given are correct
F. parietal sulcus (or parietal fissure)
B. lateral sulcus (or lateral fissure)
Which of the following structures of the CNS acts as the main relay (or routing) center for almost all sensory information traveling to the primary areas of the cerebral cortex?
A. hypothalamus
B. putamen
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. reticular formation of the medulla oblongata
E. cerebellum
F. substantia nigra
G. amygdaloid body
C. none of the answers given are correct
Which structural name is given to a bundle of axons within the CNS that all have a common origin point and destination point?
A. ganglion
B. tract
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. nucleus
E. locus
B. tract
Identify the structure indicated in the image below:
A. none of the answers given are correct
B. medial colliculus
C. olive
D. pyramid
E. peduncle
D. pyramid
Identify the structure indicated in the image below:
A. thalamus
B. insula
C. putamen
D. caudate nucleus
E. globus pallidus
F. amygdaloid body
G. none of the answers given are correct
C. putamen
In which lobe of the cerebrum would primary auditory be found? this is the area of cortical tissue where we first register and begin to process information.
A. occipital parietal
B. parietal
C. temporal
D. insular
E. none of the answers given are correct
F. frontal
C. temporal
Identify the space indicated in the image below:
A. epiarachnoid space
B. subdural space
C. subosteonic space
D. outer space
E. subarachnoid space
F. none of the answers given are correct
F. none of the answers given are correct
Identify the white tissue layer indicated in the image below:
A. subdura mater
B. dura mater
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. white matter
E. pia mater
F. arachnoid mater
F. arachnoid mater
Identify the group of nerves illustrated in yellow in the image below:
A. none of the answers given are correct
B. cauda equina
C. sacral plexus
D. filum terminale
E. conus medullaris
B. cauda equina
Identify the portion (or region) of the spinal cord tissue indicated in green in the image below:
A. lateral horn
B.posterior (dorsal) funiculus
C. posterior (dorsal) horn
D. gray commissure
E. anterior (ventral) horn
F. anterior (ventral) funiculus
G. none of the answers given are correct
C. posterior (dorsal) horn
Within the green area (region), which of the following items would be found?
A. nuclei
B. tracts
C. neither nuclei or tracts
D. both nuclei or tracts
A. nuclei
identify the portion (or region) of spinal cord tissue indicated in green in the image below:
A. lateral funiculus
B. anterior (ventral) funiculus
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. anterior (ventral) horn
E. anterior white commissure
B. anterior (ventral) funiculus
Within the portion (or section) indicated in green, would you expect to find the axons of sensory neurons motor neurons, neither, or both?
A. neither
B. sensory
C. both
D. motor
D. motor
The green spinal nerves in this image belong to what plexus?
A. none of the answers given are correct
B. thoracic
C. sacral
D. lumbar
E. brachial
F. thoracolumbar
D. lumbar
Damage to which of the following nerve branches would result in “wrist drop syndrome” (shown on the patient’s left) in which extension of the wrist and fingers is impaired? notice the extension of the wrist/ fingers on the right side unimpaired and is included for comparison.
A. median
B. none of the answers given are correct
C. ulnar
D. axillary
E. phrenic
F. radial
F. radial
Identify the portion (or section) of a spinal nerve indicated in green in the image below:
A. posterior (dorsal) root
B. none of the answers given are correct
C. lateral root
D. anterior (ventral root)
E. posterior (dorsal) root ganglion
F. lateral root ganglion
G. anterior (ventral) root ganglion
D. anterior (ventral root)
Identify the nerve indicated in the image below:
A. glossopharyngeal
B. trigeminal
C. vagus
D. none of the answers given are correct
E. vestibulocochlear
F. facial
A. glossopharyngeal
Which of the following cranial nerves controls both the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris and the ciliary muscle of the lens in the eye?
A. CN X
B. CN I
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. CN III
E. CN VI
F. CN II
G. CN IV
D. CN III
Identify the nerve branch indicated in the image below:
A. tibial nerve
B. common fibular nerve
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. my last nerve
E. crural nerve
A. tibial nerve
The image below shows the areas of sensory innervation by what spinal nerve branch?
A. axillary nerve
B. musculocutaneous nerve
C. radial nerve
D. none of the answers given are correct
E. median nerve
D. none of the answers given are correct
The pancreas contains groups of hormone-producing cells (alpha, beta, delta, and F) called ___.
A. pancreativ fasciculi
B. pancreatic lobules
C. pancreatic acini
D. pancreatic islets
E. none of the answers given are correct
D. pancreatic islets
Which of the following hormone are released into general circulation within the posterior pituitary? (check all that apply)
A. prolactin
B. none of the answers given are correct
C. ADH
D. LH
E. GH
F. ACTH
G. oxytocin
C. ADH & G. oxytocin
Which of the following is an effect of increased ADH?
A. increased systemic vasodilation (decreasing blood pressure)
B. both of the given answers are correct
C. neither of the given answers are correct
D. increased retention of water by kidney nephrons (reducing urine output)
D. increased retention of water by kidney nephrons (reducing urine output)
Which of the following hormones from the anterior pituitary, targets the mammary glands and stimulates milk production?
A. oxytocin
B. prolactin
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. GH
E. ADH
F. ACTH
B. prolactin
Which of the following hormones is made by the kidney and stimulates red blood cell production in red bone marrow?
A. somatostatin
B. natriuretic peptide
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. calcitriol
E. renin
C. none of the answers given are
Evaluate the following statement: “ The anterior pituitary contains modified neurons called neurosecretory cells that produce regulatory hormones which are released into general circulation and control the output of many endocrine organs throughout the body.”
A. true
B. false
B. false
Which hormone originates from the indicated structures?
A. none of the answers given are correct
B. TSH
C. calcitonin
D. antidiuretic hormone
E. thyroid hormone
F. glucagon
A. none of the answers given are correct
Identify the indicated layer of the gland shown below:
A. zona glomerulosa
B. zona reticularis
C. none of the answers given are correct
D. zona medullaris
B. zona reticularis
