Irat #6 Flashcards
Which of the following best describes conditions necessary for the air to flow OUT OF the lungs?
A. diaphragm relaxed and Palv < Patm
B. diaphragm contracted and Palv > Patm
C. diaphragm contracted and Palv < Patm
D. diaphragm relaxed and Palv = Patm
E. diaphragm relaxed and Palv > Patm
E. diaphragm relaxed and Palv > Patm
On the graph, What is the partial pressure of O2 that leads to 15% saturation of Hb with O2?
A. 14 mm Hg
B. 75 mm Hg
C. 60 mm Hg
D. 40 mm Hg
E. 98 mm Hg
A. 14 mm Hg
Increased levels of hydrogen ions near working cells causes the local _____ of systemic arterioles, and the _____ pH decreases the affinity of the local hemoglobin for oxygen.
A. constriction; higher.
B. dilation; higher
C. dilation; lower
D. constriction; lower
C. dilation; lower
Which of the following would cause a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?
A. hyperventilation
B. increase in pH
C. hypothermia
D. hypoventilation
E. decrease in carbon dioxide
D. hypoventilation
The Hb indicated by Curve B:
A. has more 2,3-DPG than the hemoglobin represented by Curve A
B. has higher affinity for oxygen than the hemoglobin represented by Curve A
C. is from a fetus, assuming Curve A represents material Hb
D. is from a person at rest, assuming Curve A indicates hemoglobin in an exercising person
E. is cooler and more alkaline than the hemoglobin represented by Curve A
A. has more 2,3-DPG than the hemoglobin represented by Curve A
EPO is released from the _____ in response to ___ and causes ____.
A. bone marrow; low oxygen levels; fibrinolysis
B. kidney, low oxygen levels; erythropoiesis
C. kidney; low MAP; vasodilation
D. bone marrow; high plasma osmolarity; diuresis
E. adrenal cortex; stress; reduced immune function
B. kidney, low oxygen levels; erythropoiesis
A decrease in the partial pressure of CO2 in the alveolar space is most likely to cause:
A. vasoconstriction in the systemic capillaries
B. increase respiration rate
C. bronchoconstriction
D. bronchodilation
E. vasoconstriction in the pulmonary capillaries
C. bronchoconstriction
Which of the following factors is most responsible for reducing the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood of a person in a hypoxic environment?
A. membrane thickness
B. concentration gradient
C. diffusional distance
D. membrane surface area
E. membrane in the pulmonary capillaries
B. concentration gradient
Pulmonary arterioles are most likely to constrict when:
A. levels of CO2 increase in the alveoli
B. histamine levels are low
C. O2 levels decrease in the alveoli
D. sympathetic activity is high
E. pH decreases in the pulmonary capillaries
C. O2 levels decrease in the alveoli
Which of the following best described the affinity of hemoglobin (Hb) to bind to oxygen ?
A. the affinity that hemoglobin has to oxygen never changes
B. the higher the affinity, the less likely it will be that oxygen bins to hemoglobin
C. affinity only changes at high altitude
D. the higher the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, the higher the affinity of Hb for oxygen
E. the higher the affinity, the more likely it will be that oxygen binds to hemoglobin
E. the higher the affinity, the more likely it will be that oxygen binds to hemoglobin
Which of the following describes conditions necessary for air to flow Into the lungs?
A. diaphragm relaxed and Palv < Patm
B. diaphragm contracted and Palv < Patm
C. diaphragm contracted and Palv > Patm
D. diaphragm relaxed and Palv > Patm
E. diaphragm relaxed and Palv = Patm
B. diaphragm contracted and Palv < Patm
________ pH near working cells causes the local dilation of systemic arterioles, and the _____ in [ H+] decreases the affinity of the local hemoglobin
A. increased; increase
B. decreased; decrease
C. decreased; increase
D. increased; decrease
C. decreased; increase
Which of the following would cause a decrease in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?
A. fever
B. increase in pH
C. hyperventilation
D. decrease in the [ H+]
E. decrease in carbon dioxide
A. fever
2,3 (DPG) is a product of anaerobic metabolism. Which statement about 2,3 BPG is correct?
A. a decrease in 2,3 BPG in response to hypoxia causes hemoglobin to bind oxygen more tightly
B. 2,3 BPG levels decrease in response to anemia and decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
C. 2,3 BPG levels increase in response to hypoxia and increase the affinity of hemoglobin for O2
D. an increase in 2,3 BPH in response to anemia causes hemoglobin to bind oxygen more tightly
E. 2,3 BPG levels increase in response to anemia and decrease the affinity to hemoglobin for O2
E. 2,3 BPG levels increase in response to anemia and decreases the affinity to hemoglobin for O2
At high altitude, low concentration of oxygen in the blood promotes the release of _______ from the _______ which has receptors in the ________
A. erythropoietin; kidney; bone marrow
B. renin; bone marrow; kidney
C. antidiuretic hormone; kidney; bone marrow
D. erythropoietin; bone marrow; kidney
E. aldosterone;adrenal cortex ; bone marrow
A. erythropoietin; kidney; bone marrow
