IP Addressing

Question 1

What is an IP address?

Answer 1

The network layer move traffic from one device to another on the internet, which means that each device must have an IP address

An IP address consists out of 4 numbers (1.1.1.1), each number can be between 0 - 255

each number is constructed out of an octet (8 bit) binary number, making it a 32-bit address

The first three numbers are the network portion, and the last number is the host portion

Question 2

How do we identify the network and host portions of an IP address?

Answer 2

d

Question 3

Classless Addressing

Answer 3

The network and host portion of the address is determined by the subnet mask

Question 4

Classful Addressing

Answer 4

Network and Host portion is determined by Classes as opposed a subnet-mask.

Classes

A 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 (network portion is the first 8 bits)

B. 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255(network portion is the first 16 bits)

C. 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255(network portion is the first 24 bits)

D. 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255(network portion is all 32 bits, there is no host portion)

E, 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255 (experimental range, not used in reality)

Classes ABC are unicast addresses, which are used to connect individual devices with one another

Class D is a multicast address, which is used for connecting one too many devices

Question 5

Different types of IP addresses

Answer 5

1. Network Address
   - Identifier for a group of devices, or area of ip addresses
   - AKA “network prefix”
2. Broadcast address
   - Identifier for all devices on a network
3. Host Address
   - Identifies unique device on a network

Question 6

How to identify a network address?

Answer 6

Need the IP address and subnet mask to identify the host portion of address

The host portion will have all binary zeros

If host portion is all binary zeros, then it will ALWAYS be a network address

Question 7

How to identify a broadcast address?

Answer 7

Use a subnet mask to Identify the host portion of the address

if host portion is all binary 1’s then it is a broadcast address

Question 8

How to identify a host address?

Answer 8

Use the subnet mask to identify the host portion of the ip

if the host is neither all zeros or all ones, then it is a host address

Question 9

CIDR notation

Answer 9

Classless InterDomain Routing

instead of 255.255.255.0 the length of the network prefix is indicated with a /24 (bits) which is added behind the IP address

Question 10

Private IP address Ranges

Answer 10

Ranges within the ABC classes that cannot be used in public networks, but only on private networks

A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 /8

B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 /12

C 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 /16

Question 11

APIPA address

Answer 11

Used for automatic configuration of IP addresses

169.254.0.0/16

often fails, if a device has this address, there is a high chance that something is wrong in your network

Question 12

127.0.0.1

Answer 12

Loopback or home address

used ot see if tcp stack on opperating system is working correctly

Used for testing on local system

Question 13

PING

Answer 13

Packet InterNet Groper

Used to test connections

for two divice to communicate with one another directly, they must be on the same IP network address, if they are not, then communication will have to be facilitated through a third device, like a router

Question 14

What does it mean when PING returns message “transmit failed. General Failure.”

Answer 14

it means the devices are not on the same IP network, and there are no routers configured

Question 15

Default Gateway

Answer 15

Router IP address