A+ 1001: Mass Storage Devices Flashcards
Mass Storage Devices
- Optical Media
- Magnetic Media
- Solid State
Minimum Storage unit
- Magnetic media: Sector - 4096 Bytes
- Solid State Media: blocks
- Optical Media: tracks
LBA logical block addressing
Its the device driver for the mass storage device, usually included within the mass storage device
When the operating system wants to save data on the hard drive, it communicates with the LBA unit, which will allocate the required amounts of “blocks” for the data to be saved to.
Capacity
base 10
1000 bytes = Kilo
1000 kilo = mega
1000 mega = giga
1000 giga = terra
1000 tera = peta
1000 peta = exa
base 2 (IEC Values/LBA values)
2^10 = 1024 = Kibi 2^20 = Mebi 2^30 = Gibi 2^40 = Tebi 2^50 = Pebi 2^60 = Exbi
Form factors
5.25 inch: Optical drives mass storage
Form factors
- 25 inch: Optical drives
- 5 inch: SATA Hard Drive
- 5 inch: Laptop hard drives
- 8 inch: SSD
m. 2 SSD (stick)
Magnetic Disk Drives
A motor, Platters and arm inside
The Platter contains Tracks/Cylinder and Sectors
The arm has a read/write head, that reads the 1s and 0s
ATA
Advanced Technology Attachment
The language/protocol used to communicate with LBA driver
eSATA
eSATA connectors on motherboard that are designed to be used externally, with external drives (mostly replaced by usb)
eSata connectors can be installed on motherboard with an expansion card
SATA
SATA: Serial ATA
SATA connectors have L-Keys
Setting up SATA Drive
Connect data and power cables
Boot into BIOS to check if it shows up in system setup
SSD
Solid State Drives
The drive is made up of:
Chips > Pages > Blocks
formats: 2,5 inch, 1.8 inch, m.2
Interfaces: SATA & NVMe
Sata interface runs at 6Gig/Second
NVMe (non-volitale memory express) (m.2 drives are NVMe)
NVMe connectors on the mother board has only one notch.
SCSI
Small computer System Interface
An older Hard Drive that used Parallel ATA
Modern SCSI uses serial SCSI connectors
Two modern standards are: ISCSI and SAS SCSI
ISCSI are SCSI devices connected via ethernet
SAS SCSI are Serial Attached SCSI)
Boot Order
Once POST is complete the system will look for a storage device to boot from
The boot order specifies the order that the system will boot from
Can Set boot order in BIOS / CMOS setup
Mass storage is organized into __________?
Storage is organized into Logical Blocks (LBAs)
Which is a standard command and connection standard for mass storage devices?
ATA
Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is a command and connection standard for mass storage devices. Form factors are not command or connection standards. LBA is an organization structure for mass storage devices.
Using SATA, how is data passed between the computer and hard drive?
SATA uses a serial data transfer protocol. Data is transferred one bit at a time from the drive to the computer and one bit at a time from the computer to the drive.
SSDs are organized into logical blocks, but their memory storage cells are called what?
SSD memory cells are called pages. Magnetic drive storage units are called sectors
Which interface is the fastest? SATA, PATA, SCSI, or NVMe?
NVMe
NVMe uses PCIe lanes and is the fastest of these interface choices. PATA is the slowest; SATA and SCSI speeds fall between NVMe and PATA.
Combine SCSI with SATA to get ____________?
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) uses the SATA connector with the SCSI command language
Running SCSI commands over Ethernet is called __________?
iSCSI uses SCSI commands sent over Ethernet
Which is a likely reason for a computer to fail to boot?
When the boot order has been set to a non-bootable device
A computer cannot boot from a non-bootable device or media. USB drives, optical drives, and SSDs and are all valid boot devices (but will only boot if they contain a working, properly-created bootable drive image).
How to format and partition a brand new hard drive
Windows
boot from window image
select custom install
format and partition
Linux
Boot from linux image
Click on something else option
format and partition
RAID
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)
Type of drive organization
