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Comptia > A+ 1001: LAN > Flashcards

A+ 1001: LAN Flashcards

1
Q

IP address

A

4 octets between 0 - 255

Classful address scheme for locations and sublocations: Network portion & Host portion

Network portion

  • Class c: 1.1.1.x = 254 hosts
  • Class b: 1.1.x.x = 65,534 hosts
  • Class a: 1.x.x.x = Millions of hosts
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2
Q

IANA

A

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

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3
Q

IP addressing FRAME

A 
Destination MAC
Source MAC
Destination IP
Source IP
DATA
FCS
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4
Q

IP address with zero on the end

A

The address for a LAN

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5
Q

IP address with a one on the end

A

Default gateway, that connects LAN to WAN

Usually a Router

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6
Q

3 things a device needs to connect to the internet

A
  1. IP Address
  2. Subnet Mask
  3. Default Gateway
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7
Q

How to configure static IP on PC

A

Network & Sharing Center > Change Adapter settings > Select properties of the network > Select IPv4

Enter IP address, Subnet-mask, and Default gateway

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8
Q

Private IP address

A

Used on private networks

Class A: 10.x.x.x
Class B: 172.16. - 31x.x
class C: 192.168.x.x

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9
Q

Loopback IP Address

A

Home or Local Host

127.0.0.1

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10
Q

How to verify that network card is up and running

A

ping 127.0.0.1

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11
Q

How to find ip address

A

ipconfig

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12
Q

What is the first thing you should do if the network is down?

A

Ping the router/default gateway

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13
Q

How to ping continuously?

A

ping -t [ip]

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14
Q

Old Class addressing for Public IP

A

Class A: 1.0.0.0 - 126.0.0.0

Class B 128.x.0.0 - 191.x.0.0

Class C: 192.x.x.0 - 223.x.x.0

Class D: 224.x.x.x

Class E 240.x.x.x

class E is reserved

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15
Q

Class D-multicast

A

224.x.x.x

Used for broadcasting like streaming

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16
Q

NAT

A

Network address translation

With NAT, internal networks use private IP addresses and share a public address

All gateway routers are NAT enabled by default

Networks that use NAT are invisible to public internet

When a device sends a packet to another device on the WAN the NAT removes the LAN address and inserts its own WAN address, before sending the packet out to the internet. When the packet returns the process is reversed and the packet is forwarded to the LAN device

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17
Q

How to get to your routers web interface?

A

Enter default gateway IP into the browser

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18
Q

Where does the IP for WAN come from

A

Assigned by ISP

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19
Q

DHCP

A

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Most Routers have a DHCP server included

Dynamically assigns IP address information to devices on network

Makes it easy for mobile devices to move between networks, like going from home network, to office network, to coffee shop, without having to manually configure ip information

Configure on pc by selecting “Obtain an IP address automatically” from the IPv4 Properties

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20
Q

How to find your DHCP server ip

A

ipconfig /all

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21
Q

APIPA

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing

The operating systems fallback in case it cannot find a DHCP server

By default, APIPA will always give 169.254.x.x address. This means that all computers will be on the same network and so can still comunicate with oneanother when DHCP server is down, but wont be able to get onto the internet because the router does not use APIPA

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22
Q

When there is limited connectivity, you can get to other devices in the office, but not the internet, then where should be the first place you look?

A

check ipconfig to see if you have an APIPA address, if you do then the DHCP server might be down.

Try

  1. restart network
  2. ipconfig /renew
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23
Q

What does ipconfig /release do?

A

Disconnects a device from DHCP server

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24
Q

What does ipconfig /renew do?

A

Reconnects a device to the DCHP server

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25
Q

How to setup a static or non-APIPA address?

A

Configure it in the “alternate Configuration” in the IPv4 properties tab

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26
Q

IPv6

A

128 bit addressing scheme

Eight hex numbers separated by 7 colons

Link-Local Address: Assigned by the device itself, used for local connections

Global unicast address (internet Address): Assigned by the router, used for internet connections

Subnet mask = /64 prefix

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27
Q

Link-local address

A

IPv6 unicast address

Always starts with Fe80::

Link local addresses allow machines to automatically have an IP address on a network if they haven’t been manually configured or automatically configured by a special server on the network (DHCP).

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28
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name Server

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29
Q

Port Number

A

IP address gets you to the right computer.

The Port number gets you to the right application

0 - 65535

Well Known Ports: 0- 1023

Registered Ports: 1024 - 49151

Ephemeral/Dynamic Ports: 49152-65535

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30
Q

Resource Monitor

A

Windows application that allows monitoring of live networking information

Shows connections on a system

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31
Q

Important Well known and Registered Ports

A 
21 FTP
22 SSH
23 TELNET
25 SMTP
53 DNS
67/68 DHCP
80 HTTP
110 POP3
137-139 NETBIOS/NETBT
143 IMAP
161/162 SNMP
389 LDAP
427 SLP
443  HTTPS
445 SMB/CIFS
548 AFP

Registered Port

3389 RDP

32
Q

TCP/IP

A

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

Connection-oriented protocol that sends multiple packets of data

Uses 3-way handshake to establish connections

33
Q

UDP

A

User datagram protocol

Connectionless protocol and sends multiple packets

34
Q

ICMP

A

Connectionless and sends a Single Packet Only (ping command)

35
Q

PDU

A

Protocol Data Unit

An organization of packets by protocol

The part of the ethernet frame that a particular protocol is interesting in

  1. Ethernet Frame
  2. IP packet
  3. TCP segment / UDP datagram
36
Q

IP Packet

A

A frame that consists out of:
ip (source & destination)
port (source & destination)
data

The ethernet Frame, also includes the source and destination MAC addresses as well as the FCS

37
Q

TCP segment / UDP datagram

A

A frame that consists out of only the data and port numbers (source & destination)

38
Q

DNS

A

Domain name server

Resolves fully qualified domain names to IP address

DNS is the replacement of the host file, which was what was used prior to DNS to resolve domain names

39
Q

How does a DNS resolve a domain name?

A
  1. Type domain name into browser
  2. Device contacts DNS server, which has the ip addresses of ROOT servers
  3. DNS server selects and contacts ROOT Server based on it’s geography
  4. The Root server will give the DNS server the ip for the appropriate first level server (.com, .org, etc)
  5. The DNS contacts first level server, the first level server will provide ip for the second level domain server
  6. The DNS then contacts the second level domain server, which provides the DNS with the ip for the queried domain name. (The DNS server will cache the ip to speed up the next query)
  7. The DNS server then returns the ip address to the browser
  8. the browser will cache the ip address for future use
40
Q

FQDN

A

Fully Qualified Domain Name

Is a registered domain name

256 character limit

41
Q

Hierarchy of DNS

A

Athoritative Servers

  1. ROOT Servers
  2. First level domains
  3. Second Level domains

Non Authoritative
1. DNS Server

42
Q

Setting up DNS

A

Automatically provided by DHCP server

To statically configure DNS:

  1. Network Sharing Center
  2. Change Adapter Settings
  3. Select Adapter and click on properties
  4. Select IPv4 properties
  5. Set DNS info
43
Q

IP for public google DNS server

A
  1. 8.8.8

8. 8.4.4

44
Q

How to find your DNS server?

A

To find DNS run any of the following:

  1. ipconfig /all
  2. dnslookup
45
Q

Records maintained by DNS

A

A Record: IP address and domain name

MX Record: Mail servers

Cname: Alternate names for an ip address

46
Q

How do we know that a particular server is not a functioning DNS?

A
  1. nslookup
  2. server [ip of server you want to test]
  3. any domain name

If it timesout, then it means that the DNS is not functioning

47
Q

Netbios / netbt

A

The naming convention designed by windows for lan

provided during setup

A computer will either be part of a work group or an active directory domain

To See or change computer name a group, go to control panel > system

48
Q

Difference between workgroup and domain

A

A computer will either be part of a workgroup or an active directory domain

Workgroup:

  • most basic type of organization
  • no security
  • no central admin
  • perfect for small networks, where people want to share a printer or files

Domains

  • Requires window server system
  • Requires setup of Active Directory Domain
  • Secure
  • Used in Enterprise environment

Homegroup

  • More security than workgroup
  • no longer used on windows 10
49
Q

Routers

A

Filter and forward traffic based on IP addresses

Home and small office routers usually have switches built-in with a WAP (Wireless Access Point)

Enterprise Routers are usually 2 port Routers, with no switch or WAP, these are provided seperately

50
Q

Routing table

A

used to direct traffic

Router will look at destination IP on packet and forward the packet to the appropriate port using the Routing Table

51
Q

WAP

A

Wireless Access Point

52
Q

DOCSIS

A

Cable modem connector

53
Q

Router Console Port

A

Serial Port using RS232 language (looks like rj-45)

plugged into a laptop or other device (DB-9 connector) that will be used to program or setup Router

usuall uses putty to interface with the Cysco IOS

54
Q

How to tell the difference between VGA and DB9 connector

A

VGA has three rows of 5 pins

DB9 has two rows of 9 pins total

55
Q

Yost / Rollover cable

A

RJ-45 serial connector on one end, and DB-9 on the other

56
Q

SOHO Router

A

Small office / Home office router

usually has 4 port switch and WAP integrated into router

57
Q

Common DHCP range

A
  1. 168.1.1

192. 168.0.1

58
Q

Setting up SOHO Router

A
  1. Plug into or conncet to device
  2. The router sends out DHCP range to devices
  3. Run ipconfig
  4. If default gateway is APIPA (169.254), then the router is not passing out DHCP. Use the user manual to find out what the routers default ip is and then staticly configure ip
  5. Access the Router Console in browser by using default gateway ip
  6. Configure Router
    - Wan (dynamic IP)
    - LAN (192.268.1.1)
    - DHCP (set range)
59
Q

DHCP Reservation

A

Reserved addresses that are not passed out during Dynamic Host Configuration

60
Q

QoS

A

Quality of Service

Toolset that allows metering of bandwith

61
Q

UPnP

A

Universal Plug and Play

When enabled on Router, The router will announce itself to any device within range

62
Q

LLDP

A

Link Layer Discovery Protocol

Used by windows to help other devices easily discover it.

Automatically enabled
Can disable it by clicking on adapter properties

63
Q

SNMP

A

Simple network management protocol

Tool used for network discovery

64
Q

VLAN

A

Virtaul LAN

Turns a switch into 2 or more switches

Used to separate a lan into different or separate networks

65
Q

Managed Switch

A

Switch with a user interface

66
Q

Configuring VLAN on a switch

A
  1. plug switch into a router with DHCP so that it will be give an IP
  2. Go into Router and look at status to find IP of switch
  3. Access switch UI by entering ip in browser
  4. Go into VLAN configuration
  5. Setup new VLAN with selected ports
67
Q

Network Troubleshooting: No Connectivity

A
  1. Check Physical connections (Lan cables, Patch cables) and Power
  2. Check IP addresses
    - Check for IP conflicts
    - APIPA (DHCP failure)
    - Ping IP addresses
68
Q

Network troubleshooting: Limited Connectivity

A
  1. Check DHCP problems.
    - APIPA
    - Rouge DHCP (192.168.7.1 instead of 192.168.1.1. )
    DHCP server Trace and find the Rouge server
69
Q

Network Troubleshooting: Intermittent Connectivity

A
  1. Problem with cabling interference

- non shielded cabling next to electric devices

70
Q

Network Troubleshooting: Unavailable Resources

A

Check if you can get to the system itself (Ping System). IF you can get the system then the problem is likely the shared resource itself, in which case, check the shared resource settings

71
Q

Network Troubleshooting: Slow connectivity Speed

A

More a wireless issue

  1. Check task manager to see how hard network card is being used, and close processes that are using excessive amounts of bandwith
  2. Take advantage of QOS to prioritize critical tasks
72
Q

A Class A IP address has how many locked octets?

A

The first octet of a Class A address, the network address, is locked. The other choices are incorrect.

73
Q

What does 255 mean in a subnet mask?

A

The octet is part of the network address

74
Q

Which is usually true of NAT routers?

a. ) NAT Routers have a private address on the WAN side and a public address on the LAN side
b. ) NAT routers have a private address on the WAN side and a private address on the LAN side
c. ) NAT routers have a public address on the WAN side and a private address on the LAN side
d. ) NAT routers have a public address on the WAN side and a public address on the LAN side

A

a.) NAT Routers have a private address on the WAN side and a public address on the LAN side

75
Q

How many bits are in an IPv6 address?

A

126 Bits

76
Q

Which service uses port 445?

A

SMB uses port 445.

77
Q

What is the maximum number of characters in an FQDN?

A

255

Fully-qualified domain names can have up to 255 characters, including dots.

Comptia (24 decks)

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