Introduction to the heart (25)

Question 1

What are the chambers of the heart?

Answer 1

atria (right and left)d

ventricles (left and right)

Question 2

What are the great vessels of the heart?

Answer 2

aorta
pulmonary artery
vena cava
pulmonary vein

Question 3

What is the typical systolic blood pressure value?

Answer 3

100-120 mmHg (pressure in aorta)

Question 4

What is the pressure in the pulmonary artery?

Answer 4

10-20 mmHg

Question 5

What is the passage of blood flow within the heart?

Answer 5

1. vena cava–> right atrium–> right ventricle–> pulmonary artery–> lungs
2. pulmonary veins–> left atrium–> left ventricle–> aorta–> body

Question 6

What are the valves on the right side of the heart?

Answer 6

• tricuspid valve

- pulmonary valve

Question 7

What is stenosis of valves?

Answer 7

hardening- more difficult to open

Question 8

What are the valves on the left side of the heart?

Answer 8

• mitral valve

- aortic valve

Question 9

What is the SAN?

Answer 9

• pacemaker of the heart: 60-100 bpm

- upper wall of right atrium, close to opening of superior vena cava

Question 10

What is the AVN?

Answer 10

• has pacemaker activity: slow calcium mediated AP

- at base of right atrium ‘triangle of Koch’

Question 11

What is the bundle of His

Answer 11

• breaks down into left and right bundle branches at interventricular septum
• specialised myocytes
• conduct from AVN to apex

Question 12

What are the Purkinje fibres?

Answer 12

specialised conducting fibres

Question 13

What are the main arteries that supply around the heart? (coronary arteries)

Answer 13

• right coronary artery
• left circumflex
• left anterior descending

Question 14

What are the main veins that supply around the heart? (coronary veins)

Answer 14

• coronary sinus
• great cardiac vein
• middle cardiac vein