Introduction to bone and soft tissue (20) Flashcards
What are the 3 components of the musculoskeletal system?
- bone
- muscle
- connective tissue
What is connective tissue?
anything that links bits of the body
What is the purpose of a tendon?
connects muscle to bone
What is the purpose of ligaments?
connect bone to bone
What is the purpose of muscle?
allow movement
and give you posture
What is the purpose of cartilage?
- structural support
- protect tissues
- attachment sites
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- movement
- support
- protection of vital organs
- calcium storage
- haematopoesis (in bone marrow)
How do we classify bones by shape?
- flat bone
- sutured bone
- short bone
- long bone
- irregular bone
- sesamoid bone
What is an osteogenic cell?
bone ‘stem cell’
What is an osteoblast?
- ‘bone forming’
- secretes osteoid
- catalyses mineralisation of osteoid
What is an osteocyte?
- ‘mature’ bone cell/’resting’
- formed by incorporation of osteoblasts into bone matrix
- sense mechanical strain to direct osteoblast and osteoclast activity
What is an osteoclast?
- ‘bone breaking’
- dissolve and resorb bone by phagocytosis
- derived from bone marrow
What cells occupy bone?
osteogenic stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
Where are osteocytes found?
embedded in the matrix
Where are osteoclasts found?
bone surfaces and at sites of old, injured, or unneeded bone
Where are osteogenic cells found?
deep layers of periosteum
Where are osteoblasts found?
growing portions of bone, including periosteum and endosteum
What are the components of the bone matrix?
- 40% organic component: 90% type 1 collagen, 10% ground substance
- 60% inorganic component: calcium hydroxyapatite and osteocalcium phosphate