Introduction To Sociology Flashcards
What is sociology?
The study of human social relationships and institutions
What is culture
Describes the way of life of a group of people
What is socialisation
Where people learn their culture from others around them
What are Norms?
The rules or guidelines for expected behaviours
What are mores
Ways of behaving that are seen as good or moral
What is social change
Any differences in the way that people think or act
What are values
Widely accepted beliefs That some things are worth while and desirable
What are customs
Traditional and regular forms of behaviour associated with social occasions
What is a status
A persons standing or position in society based on respect
What is ascribed status
Where your position in life in given automatically
What is achieved status
Where your position in life is controlled through their efforts
What is social role
When your expected to follow particular norms of behaviour based on your status
What is role conflict?
When you have numerous roles to follow and they clash
What is social control
A way of ensuring that people conform to Norms and values so the social order is maintained
What is formal social control
Official control on the basis of written down laws/rules
What is informal social control?
Unofficial control not based on written rules, often based on expectation
What are sanctions
A form of social control
What are positive sanctions
Reinforce behaviours through rewards
What are negative sanctions
Disencourage behaviours through punishment
What is social construction
Any idea that is created and given special meaning by people
What is an example of social construction
Culture
What is cultural diversity
Cultures vary across the world and change over time
What is ethnocentric
When your culture influences your perspective
What is the nature debate
When biologists and psychologists argue that behaviour doesn’t need to be learned and is mainly shaped by natural instincts and genetics
What is nurture debate
When sociologists question whether human behaviour is governed by instinct entirely as they believe that most of our behaviours are learned and that social factors over ride biology
What is socialisation
When humans learn their culture from others. Where we learn acceptable beliefs and behaviours
What is an agent of socialisation
Any person, social groups or organisations that passes norms and values and essentially teaches us how to behave
What is primary socialisation
Where we learn from immidiate family in the home
What is secondary socialisation
Learning from wider society
What is tertiary socialisation
Adult socialtion in new situations
Who said there were 3 differnt types of socialisation
Tallcott Parsons
What are feral children
Children bought up without human socialisation
What is identity
Our sense of who we are, our relationship to other people and our place in social world
What is our primary identity
Our personal sense of self
What is our secondary identity
Our social sense of self and the times we play in society
Who claimed that children learn expected behaviour for their gender through manipulation, verbal appellations, activities and canalisation
Ann Oakley
