Family Demography Flashcards
Demography definition
Study of populations their characteristics and how they change
Divorce rate
Number of 1000 married people per year
Divorce statistics
Expected 42% marriages end in divorce and half of them will occur in first 10 years of marriage.
Reasons for increase in divorce
Change in law
Changing attitude
rising expectations
Rise Of feminism
Changes in law
19th century women had to prove adultery or husbands cruelty.
1923 grounds for divorce equalised
1969 divorce reform act- breakdown of marriage soles ground for divorce, 2 years separation of both consent, 5 if one doesn’t.
1984- need to be married a year before petition for divorce
Changing attitudes
YOUGOV2013- 2/3 people thought no long sigma to get divorced
Gibson- weakened degree to which religion can bind a couple together
Rising expectations
Functionalist fletcher- people still value marriage so they have high expectations and no tolerance
Giddens- ‘pure relationship’ if needs aren’t met free to leave
Rise of feminism
2/3 all divorces by women
Thomas and collard- women expect more from relationships
Validity
Quality of accuracy and truthfulness
Reliability
Ability to repeat something with same results
Functionalist view on high divorce rate
Leaving a bad marriage for a better one
Re marrying shows how much people value marriage to get it perfect
New right view on high divorce rate
Best family has married hetrosexual couple so dissaprove of divorce.
Increase line parents so increase in benefits. Want laws making it harder to divorce
Feminist view on high divorce rate
See men as enemy. Women takers of shiy. 2/3 divorce by women Radical feminist- break from oppression Liberal feminist- recognise law change
Postmodernist view on high divorce rate
Stay in one relationship until it doesn’t meet individual needs and isn’t equal then they leave and find new one
Marriage rate
Number of men or women marrying per 1000 unmarried women or women aged 16 or over each year
Marriage statistics
2015- 1/3 marriages were re marriage
2015- 239,020 heterosexual marriages in England and Wales
Reasons for decrease in marriage
Cost £30,000 Sharpe- priority shift Fletcher- wait for idea marriage Secularisation High expectations
Cohabitation
Living with a partner without being married
Cohabitation statistics
101,000 Sam sex cohabiting families uk 2017.
17% all families
Reasons for cohabitation
Don’t work so can’t afford it. Divorced so no significance Ageing population Priority shift Fear of marriage Marriage expensive
forced Singlehood
Single due to circumstance
Elective singlehood
Chosen to live alone
Reasons for singlehood
Secularisation
Giddens, fletcher high expectation of relationship
Ageing population- 40% all single person households over 65
More financially dependent
Living apart together
In a Relationship but live in different houses
Advantages of living single person household
More focus on career No tension Privacy Jamison- freedom of solo living in twenties Fewer restricted opportunities Increased geographical mobility
Disadvantages of single person household
Expensive
No emotional support
Macvarish- women 35-50 felt some pain about living alone
Single household statistics
2015 1 in 4 young adults lived with their parents and this was a 25% increase since 1996.
Boomerang generation
Young adults who leave family home but then return e.g financial, break ups
Clipped wing generation
Young adults who want to move out but can’t afford it
Kippers
Kids in parents pockets eroding retirement savings e.g. no rush to move out
Birth rate
Number of live births per thousand of the population per year
Total fertility rate
Average number of children women will have during their fertile years
Birth rate statistics
1900 28.7
2017 11.6
Total fertility rate
1900- 6
2017- 1.76
Each baby boom
1921
1946
1964
Reasons for decline in birth rate
Changes in position and priorities of women.
Decline in infant mortality rate.
Cost of children
Changes in position and priorities of women
Increase gender equality
Ability to control reproduction, more to life than domestic chores.
Sharpe 1994 and Wilkinson 1994
Harper education of women is most important
Decline in infant mortality rate
Better health care
Parents would ahve babies to replace ones they’ve lost
Better safety
Secularisation
Cost of children
Intro if child labour laws + compulsory schooling and centred society raising child to 21 cost £230,000
Dependency ratio
Relationship between size of working population and non working part of population
Lone patent family statistics
22% families with children in 2017
% lone parent families tripled since 1971
Over 90% headed by mothers
Reasons for increase in lone parents
Increase birthing techinokogy Postmodernist leave if needs aren’t met Domestic abuse awareness Decrease in marriage Secularisation- sex before marriage
New right view on lone parent families
Damaging and non useful to bring up a child
Need role model of each gender
murray- bad for economy as more likely to reply on benefits
Dennis and erdos- disadvantaged if no father
Death rate
Number of deaths by thousand of the population
Infant mortality rate
Number of deaths of bailies in first year of life per thousand live birthday per year
What happened between 1900 and 2017 to death rate
Decreased
What happened between 1900 and 2017 to infant mortality rate
Decreased
Life expectancy
How long on average a person born in a given year can expect to live
Natural change
Difference between number of births and number of deaths
