Introduction To Red Blood Cell disorders Flashcards
Broad Definition of anemia with respect to hemoglobin levels
Low RBC counts
Hb < 13 mg/dL in males
Hb < 12 mg/dL in females
Normal MCV values
80-100
Normal MCH values
27-33
Symptoms of mild anemia
Dyspena
Fatigue
Palpitations
Bounding pulses
Ringing in the ear
Feeling cold
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Cyanosis
Jaundice
Bone tenderness
Symptoms of severe anemia
Lethargy
Confusion
Angina
Arrhythmia/MI
Symptoms of polycythemia
- can be asymptomatic *
Vertigo
Ringing in ear
Headaches
Visual issues
Hypertension
Increased hematocrit and red blood cell masses
Hepatosplenomegaly with easy brushing and bleeding from GI
Conformational signs of polycythemia Vera
Elevated RBC mass
Elevated hematocrit and hemoglobin
Low EPO levels in serum*
- caused by a JAK2 mutation
Confirmational signs of erythrocytosis
Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels
Normal RBC masses*
Confirmation of smokers polycythemia
Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels
Increased RBC mass
Increased serum EPO
Elevated O2 sat.
Elevated caroxyhemoglobin levels*
Smokes
Confirmation of polycythemia causes by COPD, or lung/heart diseases
Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit
Increased RBC mass
Increased EPO serum levels
Decreased O2 sat.*
Types of anemia with respect to MCV levels
Microcytic anemia = (MCV <80)
- iron deficiencies
- anemia of chronic disease
- thalassemias
- sideroblastic anemia
Macrocytic anemia = (MCV > 100)
- folate/ folic acid deficiencies
- vitamin B 12 deficiencies
Normocytic anemias = (MCV 80-100)
Varies based on reticulocyte count
Possible normocytic intristic RBC defects
Hereditary spherocytosis and elliptocytosis
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Sickle cell
G6PD or pyruvate kinase deficiencies
Possible normocytic extrinsic RBC defects
Immune hemolytic anemia
Malaria
Micro/macro angioplathic anemia
What factors stimulate eosinophil, basophil and leukocytes respectively?
G-CSF = leukocytes
IL3, SCF = Basophil
IL-5 = eosinophil
