Anti-malarials And Parasitics Flashcards
What stage of malaria cycle is easiest to treat?
Blood stages
- NOT liver stage*
- only 1 drug for this stage (primaquine)
Which anti-malarial is P. Falciparum resistant to?
Chloroquine
- also resistant to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine
Categories of malaria drugs
Inhibitors of heme metabolism
Inhibitors of electron transport chain
Inhibitors of translation
- not prescribed as a mono therapy
Inhibitors of folate metabolism
Artemisinin derivatives
MOA of sulfadoxine
Targets dihydropteroate synthase
Preventing purine production via folate
Proguanil and pyrimethamine MOA
Disable dihydrofolate reductase
Prevents purine synthesis from folate
Folate metabolic pathway for malaria species
Aminobenzoic acid -> dihydrofolate ->
Tetrahydrofolic acid. ->
Purines ->
DNA
Entamoeba histolytica
Most common type of ameoba and is found in contaminated food or water
Mature and lysis out of cells in the small intestine as trophozoites
Clinical symptoms:
- diarrhea
- abdominal cramps
- dysentery
- livers abscesses
Difference between anaerobic bacteria and human fermentation pathways
Anaerobic bacteria do not possess lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase
Instead, they use pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR)
- metronidazole and Trinidazole suppress PFOR activity
Three classes of multicellular worms
Nematodes (round worms)
Trematodes (flukes)
Custodies (tapeworms)
River blindness
Caused by onchocerca volvulus infections
Worms proliferate in subcutaneous nodules and cause Pruritus and dermatitis when they burst out of the nodules as well as move throughout the body
Worms that die in the cornea induce ocular scarring and blindness
Treated 1st line via ivermectin
Praziquantel
Antihelmintic drug that increases parasites membrane perameability to calcium
- leads to paralysis of worm
“B”
Treats adult tapeworm and flukes first line
