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OLFU Parasitology > Introduction To Medical Parasitology > Flashcards

Introduction To Medical Parasitology Flashcards

0
Q

Concerned primarily with the animal parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities.

A

Medical parasitology

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1
Q

Area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one liing organism on another.

A

Parasitology

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2
Q

A branch of medicine which deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions.

A

Tropical medicine

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3
Q

An illness which is indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area but may also occur in sporadic or epidemic proportions in areas that are not tropical.

A

Tropical disease

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4
Q

Living together of unlike organisms. It may also involve protection or other advantages to one or both parthners

A

Symbiosis

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5
Q

Symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other

A

Commensalism

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6
Q

Examoke of commensalism

A

Entamoeba coli

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7
Q

A symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other like termites and the flagellates in their digestive system

A

Mutualism

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8
Q

A symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host

A

Parasitism

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9
Q

A parasite living inside the body of a host is known as an.

A

Endoparasite

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10
Q

Parasitic living outside the body of a host

A

Ectoparasite

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11
Q

The presence of an endoparasite in a host is called

A

Infection

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12
Q

Presence of an ectoparasite on host is called

A

Infestation

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13
Q

Parasite is considered _____ when it is found in an organ which is nit its usual habitat.

A

Erratic

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14
Q

They nedd a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species

A

Obligate parasites

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15
Q

Example of obligate parasites

A

Tape worms

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16
Q

May exist in a free living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

A

Faculative parasites

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17
Q

A parasite, which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live

A

Accidental or incidental parasite

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18
Q

Remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

A

Permanent parasite

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19
Q

Lives on the host only for a short period oftime.

A

Temporary parasite

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20
Q

A free living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.

A

Spurious parasite

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21
Q

One in which the parasite attains sexual maturity.

A

Definitive or final host

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22
Q

Example of definitive final host

A

Taeniasis, humans are considered definitive host

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23
Q

Harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

A

Intermediate host

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24
Pigs serve as intermediate hosts of
Taenia spp
25
Intermediate host of schistooma
Snails
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One which the parasitic does not develop further to later stages. However, the parasite remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host.
Paratenic host
27
Example of paratenic host
Paragonimus metacercariae Fom raw meat to intestine
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Allows parasite cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection
Reservoir host
29
Pigs are reservoir of
Balntidium coil
30
Field rats are reservoir of
Paragonimus westermani
31
Cat is resevoir of
Brugia malayi
32
Responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another
Vectors
33
Transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host
Biologic vector
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Example of biologic vector
Aedes mosquito
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Only transports the parasite
Mechanical or phoretic
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Example of mechanical or phoretic
Flies and cockroaches
37
Study of patterns, distribution, and occurence of disease.
Epidemiology
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Number of newcases of infection appearing in a population in a given period of time.
Incidence
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Number of individuals in a population estimated tobe infected with a particular parasite speciesat a given time.
Prevalence
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Percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite.
Cumulative prevalence
41
Refers to the number of worms per infected person.
Intensity of inpection
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Intensity of infection maybe measured directly or inderctlyq
Worm burden
43
Clinical consequences of infections or diseases that affect an individual'swell being
Morbidity
44
Nematodes
Roundworm
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Flatworms
Trematodes
46
Medical entomology
Arthropods
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Organism which lives and develops outside the body of the host
Ectoparasite
48
Organism which lives and develops inside the body of the host
Endoparasite
49
In which the sexual life cycle takes place
Definitive host
50
In which asexual life cycle takes place before it is deposited in the definitive host
Intermediate host
51
General life cycle
``` Parasite Host Migrate to location for maturation Reproduce Parasite ```
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Produce lysis of mucosa Production of lytic enzyme - ulcer of stomach Ex.entamoeba histolytica
Toxic or lytic
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Actual destruction by biting or eating up | Destruction brought about by mechanical or lytic or toxic substances
Traumatic
54
Ball of ascaris
Mechanical destruction
55
Ascaris from intestine to bile duct to the liver
Migration to delicate organs
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Perforation of ulceration
Complicating factor
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Taenia solium
Obstruction of food
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Trichuris trichuria
Irritative or inflammatory
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Contaminated soil
A. Lumbricoides T. Trichuria Stronglyoides stercoralis
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Contaminated water
Amoeba Flagellates Blood flukes Taenia solium
61
Food containing the immature infective stage of the parasite
Fish, crab snail --> tape worms, capillaria | Beef, pork ---> teania, tricinelia
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Blood sucking insect
Malaria Leishmania Trypanosoma
63
Domestic or wild animal harboring the parasite
Dogs ---> dipylium canium Cats----> toxocara cati Hrbivorous animal ---> trichostrongylus
64
Another person, his clothing, bedding or immediate environment that he has contaminated
Entamoeba histolytica Enterobius vermicularis Scabies
65
Oneself/auto infection
Enterobius vermicularis | Strongloides stercoralis
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Skin penetration fromthe soil, fresh water
Necatar | Ancyclostoma
67
Percutaneously by blood-sucking insects
Plasmodium
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Inhalation of airborne eggs
E. vermicularis
69
Transplacental
A. lumbricoides T. Gondii Plasmodium
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Transmammary
Strongyloides Ancyclostoma Plasmodium
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Transmammary
Strongloides Ancyclostoma Plasmodium
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Sexual intercourse
Trichomonas vaginalis
73
Feces
Mostly all kinds of parasite
74
Urine
Trichonomas vaginalis Strongyloides stercoralis Schistosoma hematobium
75
Sputum
Paragonimus westermani | Ascaris lumbricoides
76
Discharges
From cervix ---> trichomonas vaginalis | Drancunculus medinensis
77
Organisms which may live either as a parasitic or free-living existence under favorable or appropriate circumstances
Faculative
78
Lives on the host only for a short period of time
Temporary
79
Remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life
Permanent
80
When parasite is in its larval stage, it develops in a host that is different that of an adult.
Periodic
81
Need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species
Obligatory
82
When parasite passes
Transitory
83
A parasite which establishes itself in a host where it does nit ordinarily live.
Incidental
84
Parasite during its association with the host may cause certain local or general body changes.
Pathogenic

OLFU Parasitology (9 decks)

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