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OLFU Parasitology > Introduction To Medical Parasitology > Flashcards

Introduction To Medical Parasitology Flashcards

0
Q

Concerned primarily with the animal parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities.

A

Medical parasitology

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1
Q

Area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one liing organism on another.

A

Parasitology

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2
Q

A branch of medicine which deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions.

A

Tropical medicine

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3
Q

An illness which is indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area but may also occur in sporadic or epidemic proportions in areas that are not tropical.

A

Tropical disease

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4
Q

Living together of unlike organisms. It may also involve protection or other advantages to one or both parthners

A

Symbiosis

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5
Q

Symbiotic relationship in which two species live together and one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other

A

Commensalism

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6
Q

Examoke of commensalism

A

Entamoeba coli

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7
Q

A symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other like termites and the flagellates in their digestive system

A

Mutualism

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8
Q

A symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host

A

Parasitism

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9
Q

A parasite living inside the body of a host is known as an.

A

Endoparasite

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10
Q

Parasitic living outside the body of a host

A

Ectoparasite

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11
Q

The presence of an endoparasite in a host is called

A

Infection

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12
Q

Presence of an ectoparasite on host is called

A

Infestation

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13
Q

Parasite is considered _____ when it is found in an organ which is nit its usual habitat.

A

Erratic

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14
Q

They nedd a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species

A

Obligate parasites

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15
Q

Example of obligate parasites

A

Tape worms

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16
Q

May exist in a free living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

A

Faculative parasites

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17
Q

A parasite, which establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live

A

Accidental or incidental parasite

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18
Q

Remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

A

Permanent parasite

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19
Q

Lives on the host only for a short period oftime.

A

Temporary parasite

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20
Q

A free living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.

A

Spurious parasite

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21
Q

One in which the parasite attains sexual maturity.

A

Definitive or final host

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22
Q

Example of definitive final host

A

Taeniasis, humans are considered definitive host

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23
Q

Harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

A

Intermediate host

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24
Q

Pigs serve as intermediate hosts of

A

Taenia spp

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25
Q

Intermediate host of schistooma

A

Snails

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26
Q

One which the parasitic does not develop further to later stages. However, the parasite remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host.

A

Paratenic host

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27
Q

Example of paratenic host

A

Paragonimus metacercariae

Fom raw meat to intestine

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28
Q

Allows parasite cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infection

A

Reservoir host

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29
Q

Pigs are reservoir of

A

Balntidium coil

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30
Q

Field rats are reservoir of

A

Paragonimus westermani

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31
Q

Cat is resevoir of

A

Brugia malayi

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32
Q

Responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another

A

Vectors

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33
Q

Transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host

A

Biologic vector

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34
Q

Example of biologic vector

A

Aedes mosquito

35
Q

Only transports the parasite

A

Mechanical or phoretic

36
Q

Example of mechanical or phoretic

A

Flies and cockroaches

37
Q

Study of patterns, distribution, and occurence of disease.

A

Epidemiology

38
Q

Number of newcases of infection appearing in a population in a given period of time.

A

Incidence

39
Q

Number of individuals in a population estimated tobe infected with a particular parasite speciesat a given time.

A

Prevalence

40
Q

Percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite.

A

Cumulative prevalence

41
Q

Refers to the number of worms per infected person.

A

Intensity of inpection

42
Q

Intensity of infection maybe measured directly or inderctlyq

A

Worm burden

43
Q

Clinical consequences of infections or diseases that affect an individual’swell being

A

Morbidity

44
Q

Nematodes

A

Roundworm

45
Q

Flatworms

A

Trematodes

46
Q

Medical entomology

A

Arthropods

47
Q

Organism which lives and develops outside the body of the host

A

Ectoparasite

48
Q

Organism which lives and develops inside the body of the host

A

Endoparasite

49
Q

In which the sexual life cycle takes place

A

Definitive host

50
Q

In which asexual life cycle takes place before it is deposited in the definitive host

A

Intermediate host

51
Q

General life cycle

A 
Parasite
Host
Migrate to location for maturation
Reproduce
Parasite
52
Q

Produce lysis of mucosa
Production of lytic enzyme - ulcer of stomach
Ex.entamoeba histolytica

A

Toxic or lytic

53
Q

Actual destruction by biting or eating up

Destruction brought about by mechanical or lytic or toxic substances

A

Traumatic

54
Q

Ball of ascaris

A

Mechanical destruction

55
Q

Ascaris from intestine to bile duct to the liver

A

Migration to delicate organs

56
Q

Perforation of ulceration

A

Complicating factor

57
Q

Taenia solium

A

Obstruction of food

58
Q

Trichuris trichuria

A

Irritative or inflammatory

59
Q

Contaminated soil

A

A. Lumbricoides
T. Trichuria
Stronglyoides stercoralis

60
Q

Contaminated water

A

Amoeba
Flagellates
Blood flukes
Taenia solium

61
Q

Food containing the immature infective stage of the parasite

A

Fish, crab snail –> tape worms, capillaria

Beef, pork —> teania, tricinelia

62
Q

Blood sucking insect

A

Malaria
Leishmania
Trypanosoma

63
Q

Domestic or wild animal harboring the parasite

A

Dogs —> dipylium canium
Cats—-> toxocara cati
Hrbivorous animal —> trichostrongylus

64
Q

Another person, his clothing, bedding or immediate environment that he has contaminated

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Enterobius vermicularis
Scabies

65
Q

Oneself/auto infection

A

Enterobius vermicularis

Strongloides stercoralis

66
Q

Skin penetration fromthe soil, fresh water

A

Necatar

Ancyclostoma

67
Q

Percutaneously by blood-sucking insects

A

Plasmodium

68
Q

Inhalation of airborne eggs

A

E. vermicularis

69
Q

Transplacental

A

A. lumbricoides
T. Gondii
Plasmodium

70
Q

Transmammary

A

Strongyloides
Ancyclostoma
Plasmodium

71
Q

Transmammary

A

Strongloides
Ancyclostoma
Plasmodium

72
Q

Sexual intercourse

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

73
Q

Feces

A

Mostly all kinds of parasite

74
Q

Urine

A

Trichonomas vaginalis
Strongyloides stercoralis
Schistosoma hematobium

75
Q

Sputum

A

Paragonimus westermani

Ascaris lumbricoides

76
Q

Discharges

A

From cervix —> trichomonas vaginalis

Drancunculus medinensis

77
Q

Organisms which may live either as a parasitic or free-living existence under favorable or appropriate circumstances

A

Faculative

78
Q

Lives on the host only for a short period of time

A

Temporary

79
Q

Remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

A

Permanent

80
Q

When parasite is in its larval stage, it develops in a host that is different that of an adult.

A

Periodic

81
Q

Need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species

A

Obligatory

82
Q

When parasite passes

A

Transitory

83
Q

A parasite which establishes itself in a host where it does nit ordinarily live.

A

Incidental

84
Q

Parasite during its association with the host may cause certain local or general body changes.

A

Pathogenic

OLFU Parasitology (9 decks)

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