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OLFU Parasitology > Free Living Amoeba > Flashcards

Free Living Amoeba Flashcards

0
Q

primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM

A

Naegleria

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1
Q

Survive and replicate in the envi without a host, no insect vectors, etc Infection of humans is infrequent but is life threatening

A

Free living amoeba

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2
Q

granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and amebic keratitis Affects immunocompromised individuals

A

Acanthameba

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3
Q

GAE, affects primarily healthy individuals

A

Balamuthia

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4
Q

GAE + granulomatous skin and lung lesions, primarily healthy individs Sappinia diplidea Single case report (encephalitis

A

Balamunthia mandrillaris

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5
Q

Naegleria Life Cycle

free living flagellate form, not in body but in

A

Environment

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6
Q

Naegleria

dormant, form protective covering on itself for preservation from harsh surroundings

A

Cyst

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7
Q

Naegleria

pathogenic/infective/infective stage, inhaled directly through nasal mucosa descriptively termed lopopods (Naegleria pseudopods, rounded) Found in human brain

A

Amoeboid trophozoite

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8
Q

Naegleria

found in fresh water lakes and ponds, esp warm water

A

ubiquitous genes

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9
Q

Free living amoebas, instead of pseudopode

A

Lobopodes

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10
Q

PAM recognized by

A

Fowler

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11
Q

PAM initially thought to be

A

Acanthamoeba

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12
Q

Naegleria

Invasive reproductive form, penetrate nasal mucosa and cribriform plate during inhalation or aspiration

A

Trophozoite

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13
Q

Naegleria

Free living form

A

Flagellate

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14
Q

Neutrophils surround the trophozoite

A

Naegleria

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15
Q

Incubation period of PAM

A

1-14 days

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16
Q

PAM symptoms usually within a few days after swimming in

A

Warm still water

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17
Q

PAM is indistinguisable from?

A

Bacterial meningitis

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18
Q

Symptoms of PAM

A

Headache
Lethargy
Disorientation
Coma

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19
Q

PAM is rapid clinical course, death in _____ after onset of symptoms

A

4-5 days

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20
Q

PAM

Can be detected in spinal fluid but diagnosis is usually autopsy

A

Trophozoite

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21
Q

Dagnosis of PAM

A

Leukocytosis/hyperglycemia
PCR/DNA
CT scan of head
Lumbar puncture

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22
Q

PAM lumbar puncture

A 
Increase pressure
increase CSF protein
N or low glucose
Break WBC
Gram stain negative ameba
Wet amount of fresh CSF
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23
Q

PAM

No drug of choice but survivors were treated with

A

Ampotericin B

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24
Q

PAM mortality rate

A

> 95%

Mae/female 3/1

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25
Q

PAM new drug

A

Azithromycin

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26
Q

No flagellate form

A

Acanthamoeba spp

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27
Q

Acanthopods-pseudopods

Ubiquitous amoeba of soil and water

A

Acanthamoeba spp

28
Q

Naegleria CSF similar to

A

Bacterial menigitis

29
Q

Disease in acantamoeba spp

A

GAE or granulomatous Amoebic Encepalitis

30
Q

Acanthamoeba CSF similar to

A

Viral miningitis

31
Q

Meningoencephalitis portal of entry is unknown, possibly

A

Respiratory tract or wounds in skin

32
Q

Meningo encencephalitis Infection assoc with

A

Debilitation or immunosuppression

33
Q

Meningo

Onset is insidious with

A

headache, personality changes, slight fever

34
Q

Prognosis of A meningo

A

coma and death in weeks to months

35
Q

A. Meningo

Amebas not yet detected in

A

Spinal fluid

36
Q

A menigo

Trophozoites and sometimes cysts detectable in

A

histological examinations

37
Q

Amebic keratitis  Predisposing factors

A

o Ocular trauma

o Contact lens, contaminated cleaning solutions

38
Q

Amoebic symptoms

A

o Ocular pain

o Corneal lesions, refractory to usual treatments

39
Q

Amoebic keratitis diagnosis

A

o Demonstration of amebas in corneal scrapings

40
Q

Amoebic keratitis treatment

A

Difficult, limited success Corneal grafts often required

41
Q

Amoebic keratitis

A

Not cause death but lead to blindness

42
Q

1st report in mandrill baboon in 1990

A

Balamuthia mandrillaris

43
Q

Balamuthia mandrillaris morpho similar to

A

Acanthamoeba

44
Q

Balamuthia mandrillaris disease

A

GAE + granulomatous skin and lung lesion

45
Q

10 autopsies of balamuthia cases in

A

Peru

46
Q

Balamuthia mandrillaris

All healthy and all died within

A

Days or weeks of neurological symptoms

47
Q

Balamuthia mandrillaris

Primary lesion

A

8 nasal

3 dermal

48
Q

Questioned hematogenous dissemination in both

A

Acanthamoeba and bakamuthia

49
Q

Balamuthia mandrillaris

Frequently observed

A

Perivascular infiltration

50
Q

Balantidium coli reservoir

A

Pigs

51
Q

Balantidium coli are large and diverse group, majority are

A

Free living

52
Q

Balantidium coli covered with

A

Rows if cilia

53
Q

Balantidium coli

Ciliates have 2 nuclei

A

Macro and micronucleus

54
Q

Balantidium coli

2 developmental stages

A

Trophozoite - pathogenic

Cysts- infective

55
Q

Balantidium coli

May become invasive and penetrate the mucosa of the

A

Large intestine

56
Q

Balantidium coli

Most infected

A

Asymptomatic

57
Q

Trophozoites can invade the mucosa of the large intestine and cause

A

Ulceration

Cecum and colon

58
Q

Balantidium coli

Secretes a substance called

A

Hyaluronidase enzyme

59
Q

Helps degrade intestinal tissue anf facilitate penetration of mucosa

A

Hyaluronidase enzyme

60
Q

Balantidium coli

Other bacteria in the intestine may enter the ulcer along with

A

B coli leading to secondary infection

61
Q

Balantidium coli causes

A

Chronic diarrhea
Dysentery
Nausea
Foul breath

62
Q

Balantidium coli

Diagnosis

A

Microscopic examination of stool or tissue ample

Sane sa EH except no peripheral organ affected

63
Q

Balantidium coli

Prevention

A

Proper handwashing

64
Q

Balantidium coli

Treatment

A

Tetra
Metra
Iodoquinole

65
Q

Calling encephalitis

A

Sappinia diplidea

66
Q

Largest protozoan

A

Balantidium coli trophozoite

67
Q

Easily find in Balantidium coli

A

Macrnucleus
Micronucleus
Cytosome

OLFU Parasitology (9 decks)

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