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Free Living Amoeba Flashcards

0
Q

primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM

A

Naegleria

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1
Q

Survive and replicate in the envi without a host, no insect vectors, etc Infection of humans is infrequent but is life threatening

A

Free living amoeba

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2
Q

granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and amebic keratitis Affects immunocompromised individuals

A

Acanthameba

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3
Q

GAE, affects primarily healthy individuals

A

Balamuthia

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4
Q

GAE + granulomatous skin and lung lesions, primarily healthy individs Sappinia diplidea Single case report (encephalitis

A

Balamunthia mandrillaris

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5
Q

Naegleria Life Cycle

free living flagellate form, not in body but in

A

Environment

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6
Q

Naegleria

dormant, form protective covering on itself for preservation from harsh surroundings

A

Cyst

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7
Q

Naegleria

pathogenic/infective/infective stage, inhaled directly through nasal mucosa descriptively termed lopopods (Naegleria pseudopods, rounded) Found in human brain

A

Amoeboid trophozoite

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8
Q

Naegleria

found in fresh water lakes and ponds, esp warm water

A

ubiquitous genes

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9
Q

Free living amoebas, instead of pseudopode

A

Lobopodes

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10
Q

PAM recognized by

A

Fowler

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11
Q

PAM initially thought to be

A

Acanthamoeba

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12
Q

Naegleria

Invasive reproductive form, penetrate nasal mucosa and cribriform plate during inhalation or aspiration

A

Trophozoite

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13
Q

Naegleria

Free living form

A

Flagellate

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14
Q

Neutrophils surround the trophozoite

A

Naegleria

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15
Q

Incubation period of PAM

A

1-14 days

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16
Q

PAM symptoms usually within a few days after swimming in

A

Warm still water

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17
Q

PAM is indistinguisable from?

A

Bacterial meningitis

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18
Q

Symptoms of PAM

A

Headache
Lethargy
Disorientation
Coma

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19
Q

PAM is rapid clinical course, death in _____ after onset of symptoms

A

4-5 days

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20
Q

PAM

Can be detected in spinal fluid but diagnosis is usually autopsy

A

Trophozoite

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21
Q

Dagnosis of PAM

A

Leukocytosis/hyperglycemia
PCR/DNA
CT scan of head
Lumbar puncture

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22
Q

PAM lumbar puncture

A 
Increase pressure
increase CSF protein
N or low glucose
Break WBC
Gram stain negative ameba
Wet amount of fresh CSF
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23
Q

PAM

No drug of choice but survivors were treated with

A

Ampotericin B

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24
PAM mortality rate
> 95% Mae/female 3/1
25
PAM new drug
Azithromycin
26
No flagellate form
Acanthamoeba spp
27
Acanthopods-pseudopods | Ubiquitous amoeba of soil and water
Acanthamoeba spp
28
Naegleria CSF similar to
Bacterial menigitis
29
Disease in acantamoeba spp
GAE or granulomatous Amoebic Encepalitis
30
Acanthamoeba CSF similar to
Viral miningitis
31
Meningoencephalitis portal of entry is unknown, possibly
Respiratory tract or wounds in skin
32
Meningo encencephalitis Infection assoc with
Debilitation or immunosuppression
33
Meningo Onset is insidious with
headache, personality changes, slight fever
34
Prognosis of A meningo
coma and death in weeks to months
35
A. Meningo Amebas not yet detected in
Spinal fluid
36
A menigo | Trophozoites and sometimes cysts detectable in
histological examinations
37
Amebic keratitis  Predisposing factors
o Ocular trauma | o Contact lens, contaminated cleaning solutions
38
Amoebic symptoms
o Ocular pain | o Corneal lesions, refractory to usual treatments
39
Amoebic keratitis diagnosis
o Demonstration of amebas in corneal scrapings
40
Amoebic keratitis treatment
Difficult, limited success Corneal grafts often required
41
Amoebic keratitis
Not cause death but lead to blindness
42
1st report in mandrill baboon in 1990
Balamuthia mandrillaris
43
Balamuthia mandrillaris morpho similar to
Acanthamoeba
44
Balamuthia mandrillaris disease
GAE + granulomatous skin and lung lesion
45
10 autopsies of balamuthia cases in
Peru
46
Balamuthia mandrillaris All healthy and all died within
Days or weeks of neurological symptoms
47
Balamuthia mandrillaris Primary lesion
8 nasal | 3 dermal
48
Questioned hematogenous dissemination in both
Acanthamoeba and bakamuthia
49
Balamuthia mandrillaris Frequently observed
Perivascular infiltration
50
Balantidium coli reservoir
Pigs
51
Balantidium coli are large and diverse group, majority are
Free living
52
Balantidium coli covered with
Rows if cilia
53
Balantidium coli Ciliates have 2 nuclei
Macro and micronucleus
54
Balantidium coli 2 developmental stages
Trophozoite - pathogenic | Cysts- infective
55
Balantidium coli | May become invasive and penetrate the mucosa of the
Large intestine
56
Balantidium coli Most infected
Asymptomatic
57
Trophozoites can invade the mucosa of the large intestine and cause
Ulceration Cecum and colon
58
Balantidium coli Secretes a substance called
Hyaluronidase enzyme
59
Helps degrade intestinal tissue anf facilitate penetration of mucosa
Hyaluronidase enzyme
60
Balantidium coli Other bacteria in the intestine may enter the ulcer along with
B coli leading to secondary infection
61
Balantidium coli causes
Chronic diarrhea Dysentery Nausea Foul breath
62
Balantidium coli Diagnosis
Microscopic examination of stool or tissue ample Sane sa EH except no peripheral organ affected
63
Balantidium coli Prevention
Proper handwashing
64
Balantidium coli Treatment
Tetra Metra Iodoquinole
65
Calling encephalitis
Sappinia diplidea
66
Largest protozoan
Balantidium coli trophozoite
67
Easily find in Balantidium coli
Macrnucleus Micronucleus Cytosome

OLFU Parasitology (9 decks)

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