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Foundations & Anatomy First year > Introduction to immunology > Flashcards

Introduction to immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the features of innate immunity

A

Non specific
No memory
Fast an immediate

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2
Q

What type of cells are involved in innate immunity

A

Phagocytes
Mast cells

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3
Q

Describe the features of adaptive immunity

A

slower
has immunological memory
Specific

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4
Q

What type of cells are involved in adaptive immunity?

A

Mainly antibodies produced by effector T cells which are differentiated T cells

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5
Q

Describe active immunity

A

Protective immunity against pathogen induced through host’s own response to pathogen

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6
Q

Describe passive immunity

A

Transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes specific for a pathogen giving immunity

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7
Q

What are the types of WBC’s?

A

Basophils
Eosinophil
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Mast cells

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8
Q

Describe neutrophils

A

Most common WBC
They track down, engulf and destroy pathogens
Contain granules that are filled with destructive enzyme

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9
Q

Describe monocytes

A

Larger than neutrophils
Breakdown pathogens
Process antigen of pathogen and present to ab and Nk cells to produce specific immune response

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10
Q

Describe eosinophil

A

Help combat parasitic infections
granules contain toxic enzymes
Involved in allergy + asthma

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11
Q

Describe basophils

A

Found in parasitic infection
No proven function
Least common WBC

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12
Q

Describe mast cells

A

Specific receptors for IgE antibodies
Contain granules that are toxic to host + parasite(histamine)

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13
Q

Describe Cytokines

A

They bind to receptors producing cell signalling molecules
They are small proteins
Secreted by both immune + non immune cells in response to stimuli

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14
Q

What are the key functions of of cytokins?

A

Differentiation
Activation
Chemotaxis
Enhancing cytotoxicity

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15
Q

What are primary lymphoid organs?

A

Where lymphocytes are produced and mature

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16
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

Bone marrow
Thymus

17
Q

What are secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Places of activation of lymphocytes by pathogen

18
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen

19
Q

What are the 2 classes of T lymphocytes?

A

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
Helper T cells (CD4+)

20
Q

Describe cytotoxic T cells

A

They are T lymphocytes with CD8+ receptors
They kill the pathogen
TCR only recognise antigens bound to MHC(I)

21
Q

Describe Helper T cells

A

Contain CD4+ receptors
Cell surface = TCR, only recognises antigens bound to MHC(II)

22
Q

What are the types of helper T cells?

A

Th1, Th2, Th17, tfh

23
Q

Describe the function of Th1 Helper T cells

A

Macrophage activation

24
Q

Describe the function of Th2 Helper T cells

A

Eosinophil + MAST activation

25
Q

Describe the function of Th17 helper T cells

A

Involved in recruitment and neutrophil activation

26
Q

Describe the function of Thf cells

A

They are B cells. They produce antibodies.

27
Q

Describe B cells

A

Produced and mature in bone marrow
Produce antibodies
Express B cell receptor (BCR)
On activation, differentiated into plasma cells (responsible for abs production) with help of Th cells

28
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Proteins produced in immune response against specific antigens
Involved in opsonisation

29
Q

What are the 5 classes of antibody?

A

IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgD

30
Q

What is the function of IgM antibodies

A

First type produced in response to infection

31
Q

What is the function of IgG antibodies

A

Produced later on, passed via placenta to foetus

32
Q

What is the function of IgE antibodies

A

Involved in allergy
Produced against parasites

33
Q

What is the function of IgA antibodies

A

Protect mucosal surface + resistant to stomach acid

34
Q

What is the function of IgD antibodies

A

Literally no one knows. Including you

35
Q

What is the compliment system?

A

Group of proteins/factors found in blood

36
Q

What are the 3 pathways of the compliment system

A

Alternate
Lectin
Classical

37
Q

What is the result of compliment activation

A

Production activated in MAC

Foundations & Anatomy First year (104 decks)

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