Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vaccination?

A

The administration of antigenic material to stimulate an individuals immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen

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2
Q

Describe active immunity

A

Infection or exposure to pathogen/immunisation and vaccine

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3
Q

Describe passive immunity

A

Organism receives antibodies from another organism with active immunity

No memory B cells present, no rapid production of specific antibodies

Temporary (up to a few months)

Protection from first infection is immediate

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of conventional vaccines?

A

Killed whole organisms
Attenuated whole organisms
Subunit vaccines

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5
Q

Describe killed whole organism vaccines

A

Target organism is killed
Booster shots are likely required
Viruses must be heat killed

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6
Q

Describe attenuated whole organisms

A

An avirulent strain of target organism is isolated
Can reverse back into virulent form and hence not given to immunocompromised or at risk
Needed to be refrigerated

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of subunit vaccines?

A

Recombinant vaccines
Toxoid (modified toxin)

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8
Q

Describe recombinant vaccines

A

Very safe
Easy to standardise
Not very immunogenic without an effective adjuvant

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9
Q

What are the contraindications of vaccination?

A

Temporary
-Febrile immunity
Pregnancy->no live attenuated vaccine
Permanent
-Allergy
immunocompromised

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10
Q

What is the aim of herd immunity

A

To produce individuals who cannot receive the vaccine

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