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Foundations & Anatomy First year > Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is region A?

A

Head and neck

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2
Q

What is region B?

A

Upper limbs

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3
Q

What is region C?

A

Thorax

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4
Q

What is region D?

A

Abdomen

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5
Q

What is region E?

A

Lower limbs

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6
Q

What does the ventral body cavity contain?

A

Thorax

Diaphragm

Abdominal

Pelvic

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7
Q

What does the dorsal body cavity contain?

A

Cranial

Spinal

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8
Q

What seperates the pleural and pericardial cavities from the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Diaphragm seperates the pleural and pericardial cavities from the abdominopelvic cavity

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9
Q

Why are pleural cavities anatomically closed spaces?

A

Pleural cavities are anatomically closed spaces to maintain the negative pressure of the lungs

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10
Q

Which is the cranial cavity?

A

First line

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11
Q

Which is the spinal cavity?

A

Second line

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12
Q

Which is the tharoic cavity?

A

Third line

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13
Q

Which is the diaphragm?

A

Fourth line

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14
Q

Which is the abdominal cavity?

A

Fifth line

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15
Q

Which is the pelvic cavity?

A

Sixth line

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16
Q

What is the tharoic cavity composed of?

A

The tharoic cavity is composed of the pleural and pericardial cavities

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17
Q

What are the different kinds of bones?

A

Long (limbs)

Short (wrist)

Flat (skull)

Pneumatic (contain air filled cavities)

Sesamoid (patella)

Irregular (vertebrae)

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18
Q

What membrane covers bone and what is its function?

A

Periosteum, lays down more bone

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19
Q

Why are limb bones long?

A

Limb bones are used for movement

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20
Q

Why do trunk bones vary between being long, flat and irregular?

A

Trunk bones are used for protection

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21
Q

Where is articular cartilage found?

A

The end of long bones at the joints

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22
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

The three types of carilage are:

Elastic

Hyaline

Fibrocartilage

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23
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Elastic cartilage is found in:

External ear

Epiglottis

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24
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Hyaline cartilage is found in:

Ribs

Nose

Trachea

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25
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Fibrocartilage is found in:

Intervertebrae disks

Certain ligaments

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26
Q

What does cartilage not contain?

A

Cartilage does not contain blood vessels or nerves

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27
Q

What do the three types of cartilage differ in?

A

The three types of cartilage differ in the amount of collagen, elastic fibres and ground substance

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28
Q

What does the spinal column consist of?

A

The spinal column consists of:

7 cervical vertebrae

12 tharoracic vertabrae

5 lumbar vertabrae

5 sacral vertabrae

3-5 coccygael vertebrae (fused together)

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29
Q

How can arteries be identified?

A

Arteries can be identified by:

Thicker walls

White or slightly reddish colour

Rounded circumference

Smaller diameter

Deeper location than vains

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30
Q

How can veins be identified?

A

Veins can be identified by:

Thinner walls

Blue or darker colour

valves

Larger diameter

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31
Q

How can lymphatic channels be identified?

A

Lymphatic channels can be identified by:

Generally note visible

Small lymph nodes along their length

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32
Q

How can nerves be identified?

A

Nerves can be identified by:

Flatter

Tough consistency

White colour

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33
Q

What are different kinds of imaging?

A

Different kinds of imaging includes:

X-Ray

CT

Ultrasound

MRI

PET

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34
Q

What scan is better for showing fat out of CT and MRI?

A

MRI shows fat whereas a CT scan does not show fat

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35
Q

What are the two different parts of the skeleton called?

A

The two different parts of the skeleton are called:

Axial

Appendicular

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36
Q

Where in a long bone is compact bone found?

A

Compact bone is found on the surface

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37
Q

Where is a long bone is spongy bone found?

A

Spongy bone is found inside the bone

38
Q

What type of bone is found inside the marrow cavity?

A

Spongy bone is found inside the marrow cavity

39
Q

What osteogenic cells are fdound in the periosteum?

A

Osteoblasts are found in the periosteum

40
Q

What is compact bone surrounded by?

A

Periosteum surrounds compact bone

41
Q

What is on the inside of compact bone?

A

Endosteum is on the inside of compact bone

42
Q

What is A?

A

Epithysis

43
Q

What is B?

A

Articular cartilage

44
Q

What is C?

A

Epithyseal line

45
Q

What is D?

A

Spongy bone

46
Q

What is E?

A

Medullary cavity

47
Q

What is F?

A

Nutrient foramen

48
Q

What is G?

A

Endosteum

49
Q

What is H?

A

Periosteum

50
Q

What is I?

A

Articular cartilage

51
Q

What is J?

A

Diaphysis

52
Q

What is A?

A

Periosteum (membrane covering bone)

53
Q

What is B?

A

Cortical (hard) bone

54
Q

What is C?

A

Trabecular (spongy) bone

55
Q

What is D?

A

Articular cartilage

56
Q

What is E?

A

Epithyseal plate

57
Q

What is F?

A

Medullary cavity

58
Q

What is G?

A

Marrow

59
Q

What is H?

A

Blood vessels

60
Q

Where is the metaphysis located?

A

Between the epithysis and diaphysis

61
Q

How to bones increase in width?

A

Bones increase in width by appositional growth, new bone added from outside onto existing bone

62
Q

How do bones increase in length?

A

Bones increase in length by interstitual growth, occuring by cell division in the epithyseal growth plate within the bone

63
Q

What tissue gives rise to appositional bone growth?

A

Periosteum gives rise to appositional bone growth

64
Q

What tissue gives rise to interstitual bone growth?

A

Epithyseal plate gives rise to interstitual bone growth

65
Q

What is the function of a sesamoid bone?

A

Sesamoid bones act as a pulley, increasing the tendons ability to transmit muscular force

66
Q

How are muscles attatched onto bones?

A

Tendons attatch muscles to bones

67
Q

What is the origin of a muscle described as?

A

The origin of a muscle is described as the proximal/superior attatchment or distal/inferior attatchment, origin being the end that does not move

68
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle described as?

A

The insertion of a muscle is described as the distal/inferior./lateral attatchment, being the moving end of the muscle

69
Q

How would you describe the anterior tendons of the abdomen?

A

The anterior tendons of the abdomen are thin and flat

70
Q

Why are the anterior tendons of the abdomen thin and flat?

A

The anterior tendons of the abdoment are thin and flat to allow you to breath

71
Q

What must skeletal muscles span to exert their action?

A

Skeletal muscles must cross a joint to exert their action, so are attatched by tendons to the bones on both sides of the joint

72
Q

What is flexion?

A

Flexion is pulling two bones together

73
Q

What is extension?

A

Extension is pulling two bones apart

74
Q

What do muscles do?

A

Muscles pull bones together or pull bones apart, they do not push

75
Q

What is the convential viewing position of cross sections?

A

Inferior is the convential way to look at cross sections

76
Q

What is this a diagram of?

A

Hyaline cartilage

77
Q

What is A?

A

Chondrocytes

78
Q

What is B?

A

Matrix

79
Q

What is C?

A

Lacunae

80
Q

What is this a diagram of?

A

Spongy bone

81
Q

What is A?

A

Trabecular bone

82
Q

What is B?

A

Yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue)

83
Q

What is this a diagram of?

A

Compact bone

84
Q

What is A?

A

Lacuna

85
Q

What is B?

A

Lumellae

86
Q

What is C?

A

Haversian canal

87
Q

What is D?

A

Osteon

88
Q

What is hyaline cartilage also known as?

A

Articular cartilage

89
Q

What tissues are found in the medullary cavity?

A

Adipose tissue is found in the medullary cavity in adults and blood forming tissue in children

90
Q

Is the clavicle appendicular or axial?

A

Appendicular

91
Q

Which of MRI and CT does bone appear white and black?

A

White on CT

Black on MRI

92
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joint?

A

Hinge

Pivot

Saddle

Plane

Condyloid/elipsoid

Ball and socket

Foundations & Anatomy First year (104 decks)

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