Environmental and occupational influences on health Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Something with the potential to cause harm

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2
Q

What is a risk?

A

The likelihood of harm occuring

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3
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

Increases the risk of harm

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4
Q

What is a protective factor?

A

Decreases the risk of harm

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5
Q

What is susceptibility?

A

Increases the likelihood that something will cause harm

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6
Q

What are the different type of hazards?

A

Physical

Chemical

Mechanical

Biological

Psychosocial

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7
Q

What are the different routes of exposure?

A

Skin

Blood/sexual

Inhalation

Ingestion

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8
Q

What are the factors that influence the degree of radiation risk?

A

How much a person is exposed

How the person is exposed

Conditions of the exposure

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9
Q

What does the term probability encompass?

A

The probability that a particular outcome will occur and the severity of the the harm involved

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10
Q

What are the 3 principles that govern the perception of risk?

A

Feeling in control
Size of the possible harm

Familiarity with the risk

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11
Q

How does the perception of risk compare between involuntary and voluntary risks?

A

Involuntary risks are perceived as having a greater risk (plane trip vs car trip)

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12
Q

How does the a familiar risk compare with an unfamiliar risk?

A

Risks that are less familiar are perceived as being greater than more familiar risks

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13
Q

Look

A

We’re more frightened by catastrophic risks, single events with large immediate consequences, than chronic risks where the damage is spread out over time and location.

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14
Q

What are the individual variables in risk perception?

A

 Previous experience,

 attitudes towards risk,

 values,

 beliefs,

 Socio economic factors

 personality,

 demographic factors

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15
Q

What are the direct pathological effects of the environment?

A

 Physical
Ionising and non-ionising radiation

Noise and Vibration

 Chemical
Pesticides

VOCs (volatile organic compounds)

 Biological
Infectious agents

Allergic substances

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16
Q

What are the indirect pathological effects of the environment?

A

Housing e.g. overcrowding
Transport e.g. does it encourage walking/car use
Town planning e.g. access to amenities, social networks Income/welfare/wealth distribution

17
Q

Give examples of hazardous exposure in the environment

A
18
Q
A