Introduction to Immune System Flashcards
define antigen
substance that interacts specifically with any product of immune system, does not always lead to a productive response
define immunity
response of individual to pathogen or antigen
define pathogen
living organism that has ability to cause disease
Immunogen
antigen that is recognized by immune system and Leads to a productive response
what are secondary functions of the immune system
surveillance of cancer and allergens
name 4 instances when immune system is damaging to us
autoimmunity
rejection of organ transplant
react to allergens
pathologies - reacts too strongly
name 2 types of immunity
innate
adaptive
antigens usually refer to what type of immune response
adaptive
capsules
mask surface of bacterial pathogen
pili
aid in attachment of bacteria to host cells
exotoxins
secreted toxin molecules
endotoxin
component of cell wall of gram-negative bacteria
virus
recognize host’s cell surface proteins to gain entry into host’s cell
name 5 distinguishing factors of innate and adaptive immunity
time and quality of response cell and products recombination and clonal expansion specificity memory
what is the most abundant leukocytes in blood
neutrophils
how fast is response for innate immunity
rapid
how fast is response for adaptive immunity
slow
specificities of innate immunity
limited number of specificities
specificity of adaptive immunity
numerous highly selective specificities
yes/ no Innate and adaptive: specificity inherited in the genome?
yes
no
yes/ no Innate and adaptive: expressed by all cells of a particular type
yes
no
yes/ no Innate and adaptive: triggers immediate response
yes
no
yes/ no Innate and adaptive: recognizes broad classes of pathogens
yes
no
yes/ no Innate and adaptive: interacts with range of molecular structures of given type
yes
no
yes/ no Innate and adaptive: encoded in multiple gene segments
no
yes
yes/ no Innate and adaptive: requires gene rearrangement
no
yes
yes/ no Innate and adaptive: clonal distribution
no
yes
yes/ no Innate and adaptive: able to discriminate between even closely related molecular structures
no
yes
what are 4 phases of induction of adaptive immunity to an antigen
recognition
activation
effector
homeostasis
antigen recognition phase
processing of antigen by macrophage/dendritic
lymphocyte activiation phase
clonal activation
differentiation
antigen elimination phase
humoral
cell-mediated immunity
contraction/homeostasis phase
memory phase
apoptosis/regulation
what are the 2 types of adaptive immune response
humoral
cell mediated
name 3 categories of innate immunity that work to prevent/kill pathogen
physical barriers
soluble pre formed products
cells and their products
who are the players in humoral immunity
b lymphocytes –> plasma cells –> antibody
cell mediated immunity involve what cells
T lymphocytes
- cytotoxic
- helper T
what happens to the secondary response for an antibody compared to the primary response
faster and better response in secondary
how does metabolism impact immune response
hormones
how does psychological impact immune response
stress
what age groups are more susceptible to disease
infants
elderly - no new T cells
how do genes impact immune system
sex differences
immunodeficiency
responders vs. non-responders to specific antigens
