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POD Exam 1 > Introduction to Immune System > Flashcards

Introduction to Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

define antigen

A

substance that interacts specifically with any product of immune system, does not always lead to a productive response

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2
Q

define immunity

A

response of individual to pathogen or antigen

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3
Q

define pathogen

A

living organism that has ability to cause disease

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4
Q

Immunogen

A

antigen that is recognized by immune system and Leads to a productive response

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5
Q

what are secondary functions of the immune system

A

surveillance of cancer and allergens

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6
Q

name 4 instances when immune system is damaging to us

A

autoimmunity
rejection of organ transplant
react to allergens
pathologies - reacts too strongly

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7
Q

name 2 types of immunity

A

innate

adaptive

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8
Q

antigens usually refer to what type of immune response

A

adaptive

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9
Q

capsules

A

mask surface of bacterial pathogen

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10
Q

pili

A

aid in attachment of bacteria to host cells

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11
Q

exotoxins

A

secreted toxin molecules

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12
Q

endotoxin

A

component of cell wall of gram-negative bacteria

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13
Q

virus

A

recognize host’s cell surface proteins to gain entry into host’s cell

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14
Q

name 5 distinguishing factors of innate and adaptive immunity

A 
time and quality of response 
cell and products 
recombination and clonal expansion
specificity
memory
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15
Q

what is the most abundant leukocytes in blood

A

neutrophils

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16
Q

how fast is response for innate immunity

A

rapid

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17
Q

how fast is response for adaptive immunity

A

slow

18
Q

specificities of innate immunity

A

limited number of specificities

19
Q

specificity of adaptive immunity

A

numerous highly selective specificities

20
Q

yes/ no Innate and adaptive: specificity inherited in the genome?

A

yes

no

21
Q

yes/ no Innate and adaptive: expressed by all cells of a particular type

A

yes

no

22
Q

yes/ no Innate and adaptive: triggers immediate response

A

yes

no

23
Q

yes/ no Innate and adaptive: recognizes broad classes of pathogens

A

yes

no

24
Q

yes/ no Innate and adaptive: interacts with range of molecular structures of given type

A

yes

no

25
Q

yes/ no Innate and adaptive: encoded in multiple gene segments

A

no

yes

26
Q

yes/ no Innate and adaptive: requires gene rearrangement

A

no

yes

27
Q

yes/ no Innate and adaptive: clonal distribution

A

no

yes

28
Q

yes/ no Innate and adaptive: able to discriminate between even closely related molecular structures

A

no

yes

29
Q

what are 4 phases of induction of adaptive immunity to an antigen

A

recognition
activation
effector
homeostasis

30
Q

antigen recognition phase

A

processing of antigen by macrophage/dendritic

31
Q

lymphocyte activiation phase

A

clonal activation

differentiation

32
Q

antigen elimination phase

A

humoral

cell-mediated immunity

33
Q

contraction/homeostasis phase

memory phase

A

apoptosis/regulation

34
Q

what are the 2 types of adaptive immune response

A

humoral

cell mediated

35
Q

name 3 categories of innate immunity that work to prevent/kill pathogen

A

physical barriers
soluble pre formed products
cells and their products

36
Q

who are the players in humoral immunity

A

b lymphocytes –> plasma cells –> antibody

37
Q

cell mediated immunity involve what cells

A

T lymphocytes

  • cytotoxic
  • helper T
38
Q

what happens to the secondary response for an antibody compared to the primary response

A

faster and better response in secondary

39
Q

how does metabolism impact immune response

A

hormones

40
Q

how does psychological impact immune response

A

stress

41
Q

what age groups are more susceptible to disease

A

infants

elderly - no new T cells

42
Q

how do genes impact immune system

A

sex differences
immunodeficiency
responders vs. non-responders to specific antigens

POD Exam 1 (17 decks)

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