Dose Respsonse Flashcards
dose
amount of drug administered
response
change in biological activity
dose-response relationship
relationship between the amount of a drug administered and the observed change in biological function
what can happen to the drug before the minimum concentration is needed at site of action to produce a discernible effect
absorption
biotransformation
excreting
could be produg
occupation theory
magnitude of a response is proportional to the number of receptors occupied by a drug
response theory
rate of formation of the D-R complex determines magnitude of response
name 3 types of dose-response curves
linear
logarithmic
double reciprocal
affinity
reflects binding ability of a drug to a receptor
intrinsic activity
ability of drug to induce biological response
efficacy
maximal effect produced by a drug
potency
determined by the dose needed to produce a particular effect of given intensity
agonist
drug which possesses affinity and intrinsic activity
partial agonist
agonist with lower efficacy than a full agonist
antagonist
drug which possesses affinity but little or no intrinsic activity
specificity
ability of a drug to exert its effect through single mechanism of action
selectivity
ability of a drug to induce one effect of preference to another effect
for competitive antogonist- logarithmic curve, what do the lines look like? is efficiency lost?
parallel and shifted
no
in noncompetitive antagonists - logarithmic curve is efficiency lost
yes
for normal distribution curve for % responding vs drug, people in the left corner are what?
right corner
more sensitive to drug
right corner: resistant patients
median effective dose (ED50)
dose required to produce specific therapeutic effect in 50% of test subjects
median lethal dose (LD50)
dose required to produce death in 50% of test subjects
median toxic dose (TD50)
dose required to produce a toxic effect in 50% of test subjects
therapeutic ratio or index
LD50 / ED50
by looking at therapeutic ratio, what makes drug safter
larger ratio
what do curves look like if therapeutic ratio is less than 1
overlap
what do curves look like if therapeutic ratio is > 1
little or no overlap
equation for standard safety margin
LD1-ED99 / (ED99) * 100%
what does a positive percent of standard safety margin mean
no overlap
tolerance
decrease in efficacy with repeated drug administration
tachyphaylaxis
acute form of tolerance due to rapid, repeated administration of a drug
resistance
decrease or complete lack of responsiveness to drugs that normally inhibit growth or cause cell death
additive effects
combination of two drugs induces an effect equal to the sum of the effects of 2 drugs when administered individually
synergism
combination of 2 drugs induces an effect which is greater than the sum of the effects 2 drugs when administered individually
potentiation
administration of drug with little or no efficacy enhances the biological response induced by an agonist.
-parallel shift to the left of the dose-response curve for agonist
