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CC 2 LAB > Introduction To Hormones + GH > Flashcards

Introduction To Hormones + GH Flashcards

1
Q

regulates vital body functions like temperature, thirst, hunger, and controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

It plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis.

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS
• The part of the brain that is located under the _____ and directly above the
_____

A

3rd ventricle

pituitary gland

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3
Q

PITUITARY GLAND
Located within the confines of
the_____

Connected to the median eminence of the hypothalamus by the_____

A

sella turcica

infundibular stalk

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4
Q

• True endocrine tissue
• Secretes classic hormones (OWN)

A

Anterior Pituitary

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5
Q

Anterior pituitary also known as

A

• Adenohypophysis

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6
Q

• Neural tissue

• Secretes neurohormones but does not synthesize it (HORMONES FROM HYPOTHALAMUS)

A

Posterior Pituitary

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7
Q

Posterior Pituitary also known as

A

Neurohypophysis

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8
Q

• Specialized neurons
• Releasing and inhibiting hormones
• Modify the action of the pituitary gland

A

NEUROSECRETORY CELLS

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9
Q

is a network of blood vessels that connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland, allowing hormones from the hypothalamus to directly influence pituitary hormone secretion.

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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10
Q

secreted by hypothalamic neurons and transported to the anterior pituitary by the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

A

NEUROHORMONES

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11
Q

NEUROHORMONES

function as ______to either stimulate or inhibit release of anterior pituitary hormones

A

trophic hormones

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12
Q

THE NEUROHORMONES (6)

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GhRH)
Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH; Dopamine)

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13
Q

are hormones produced by the hypothalamus that regulate the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.

Examples include thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

A

NEUROHORMONES/

hypophysiotropic hormones

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14
Q

Releases TSH and prolactin

A

TRH

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15
Q

Releases LH and FSH

A

GnRH

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16
Q

Releases ACTH

A

CRH

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17
Q

Releases GH

A

GROWTH HORMONE STIMULATING HORMONE

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18
Q

Releases GH

A

GROWTH HORMONE STIMULATING HORMONE

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19
Q

Inhibits GH and TSH release (additional effects on
gut and pancreatic function)

A

Somatostatin

20
Q

Inhibits prolactin release

A

Dopamine (prolactin inhibitory factor)

21
Q

ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
5 hormone-synthesizing & -secreting cells

A

• Somatotrophs - GH (Growth Hormone)
• Lactotrophs - PRL (Prolactin)
• Thyrotrophs - TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)
• Gonadotrophs - FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
• Corticotrophs - POMC (Proopiomelanocortin), including ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone), MSH (Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone), β-lipotropin, β-endorphin

22
Q

Neurohormones

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - TRH

Corticotropin-releasing hormone - CRH

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone - GnRH

Growth hormone-releasing hormone - GHRH

Somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) - SRIF

Prolactin-inhibiting factor (dopamine) PIF

23
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
TRH

A

Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

24
Q

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

A

Stimulates secretion of ACTH

25
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

A

Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

26
Q

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

A

Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

27
Q

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

A

Stimulates secretion of growth hormone

28
Q

Somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)

A

Inhibits secretion of growth hormone

29
Q

Somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)

A

Inhibits secretion of growth hormone

30
Q

Prolactin-inhibiting factor (dopamine)

A

Inhibits secretion of prolactin

31
Q

is the precursor for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), B-lipotropin, and B-endorphin in the anterior pituitary.

A

Pro-opiomelanocortin

32
Q

is the precursor for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), B-lipotropin, and B-endorphin in the anterior pituitary.

A

Pro-opiomelanocortin

33
Q

LH
Target
Structure
Feedback

A

Gonad (tropic)
Dimeric glycoprotein
Sex steroids (Ez/T)

34
Q

FSH

Target
Structure
Feedback

A

Inhibin

35
Q

TSH

Taget
Structure
Feedback

A

Thyroid (tropic)
Dimeric glycoprotein
Thyroid hormones (4/T3)

36
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenal (tropic)
Single peptide derived from POMC
Cortisol

37
Q

Growth hormone

Caster

A

Multiple (direct effector)
Single peptide
IGF-I

38
Q

Prolactin

A

Breast (direct effector)
Single peptide
Unknown

39
Q

POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES

2 hormones released by the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus:
Paraventricular nuclei:
Supraoptic nuclei:

A

Oxytocin

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

40
Q

POSTERIOR PITUITARY
HORMONES

A

Oxytocin
Antidiuretic hormone

41
Q

Milk ejection; uterine contraction

A

Oxytocin

42
Q

refers to a control system where a hormone’s production is regulated by its effects on the body, but the feedback does not directly influence the original signal, helping maintain balance in physiological processes.

A

open loop negative feedback

43
Q

REGULATION OF HORMONE SECRETION NEGATIVE VS. POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

________ is when an increase in a hormone’s level inhibits its further production to maintain balance, such as with thyroid hormone regulation.

________is when an increase in hormone levels stimulates more of its production, as seen in oxytocin release during childbirth.

A

negative feedback

Positive feedback

44
Q

ABNORMALITIES OF THE PITUITARY FUNCTION

• clonal expansion of a distinct population of cells

• can also result from an increase in trophic hormones from the hypothalamus or ectopic sites

A

Hormonal Excess

45
Q

ABNORMALITIES OF THE PITUITARY FUNCTION

• more varied cause
• deficiency of one or more hormones,
often with continued and progressive
loss of other hormones over time

A

Hormonal Deficiency

CC 2 LAB (30 decks)

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