Introduction to Attention Cognitive Psychology Lecture 03 - Part 1 (Introduction to Attention) Flashcards
How did William James define attention?
James offers a wonderfully precise yet alive definition of attention: Attention … is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought, localization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence.
What is William James best known for?
William James is famous for helping to found psychology as a formal discipline, for establishing the school of functionalism in psychology, and for greatly advancing the movement of pragmatism in philosophy.
How will you define attention in psychology?
Attention is the ability to actively process specific information in the environment while tuning out other details. Attention is limited in terms of both capacity and duration, so it is important to have ways to effectively manage the attentional resources we have available in order to make sense of the world.
What is change blindness?
Change blindness is a phenomenon of visual perception that occurs when a stimulus undergoes a change without this being noticed by its observer. To date, the effect has been produced by changing images displayed on screen as well as changing people and objects in an individual’s environment.
What is a flicker paradigm?
In this paradigm, an image and an altered image are switched back and forth with a blank screen in the middle. This procedure is performed at a very high rate and observers are instructed to click a button as soon as they see the difference between the two images.
Are eyewitness testimonies reliable?
Eyewitnesses can provide very compelling legal testimony, but rather than recording experiences flawlessly, their memories are susceptible to a variety of errors and biases. They (like the rest of us) can make errors in remembering specific details and can even remember whole events that did not actually happen.
Does your attention decrease with age?
Conclusions: This study demonstrates an age-related reduction in attentive efficiency but, notably, this decline does not involve all components of attention. Subjects over 60 years of age show progressive slowing in processing of complex tasks and a reduced capacity to inhibit irrelevant stimuli.
What is an example of the cocktail party effect?
The cocktail party effect refers to the ability of people to focus on a single talker or conversation in a noisy environment. For example, if you are talking to a friend at a noisy party, you are able to listen and understand what they are talking about – and ignore what other people nearby are saying.
What is auditory attention?
The auditory attention is a cognitive process that allows the listener to focus selectively on the stimulus of interest, a stimulus while ignoring irrelevant competing, so the listener consciously selects the stimulus which he will watch and process its response (1,5).
What is the dichotic listening?
The process of receiving different auditory messages presented simultaneously to each ear. Listeners experience two streams of sound, each localized at the ear to which it is presented, and are able to focus on the message from one ear while ignoring the message from the other ear.
What happens in a dichotic listening test?
Dichotic listening tests consist of simultaneously delivering different stimuli, such as words, sentences, or musical stimuli, to the two ears. Dichotic stimulation creates a perceptual conflict between the two ears. In normal subjects this test can reveal the dominant hemisphere.
What is shadow tasking?
In cognitive testing, a task in which a participant repeats aloud a message word for word at the same time that the message is being presented, often while other stimuli are presented in the background. It is mainly used in studies of attention.
What does tonality mean?
plural tonalities. : the character of a piece of music based on its key or on the relation of its tones and chords to a particular keynote.
What is filter model of attention?
In 1958, Donald Broadbent proposed the Filter Model of Attention which states that there is a sensory buffer where all sensory stimuli enter at any given time. One of the sensory inputs is chosen based on the physical attributes of the stimuli. This input is then allowed to pass through a filter.
What is filter theory of attention?
The early selection model of attention, proposed by Broadbent, posits that stimuli are filtered, or selected to be attended to, at an early stage during processing. A filter can be regarded as the selector of relevant information based on basic features, such as color, pitch, or direction of stimuli.
