Cognitive Psychology Lecture 04 - Part 1 (Introduction to Short Term Memory, STM) Flashcards
What is the meaning of short-term memory?
Short-term memory (STM) refers to systems which provide retention of limited amounts of material for a limited time period (seconds). Most investigated systems include Phonological, Spatial, and Visual STM, while STM storage exists also in other domains, as the somatosensory system.
What is the serial position effect?
The serial position effect is the psychological tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle. The serial position effect is a form of cognitive bias, and it includes both the primacy effect and the recency effect.
What is the primacy and recency effect?
The Primacy/Recency Effect is the observation that information presented at the beginning (Primacy) and end (Recency) of a learning episode tends to be retained better than information presented in the middle.
What is the process for encoding short term memory?
Item presentation—> retention interval —> recall
What is chunking mean in psychology?
n. 1. the process by which the mind divides large pieces of information into smaller units (chunks) that are easier to retain in short-term memory. As a result of this recoding, one item in memory (e.g., a keyword or key idea) can stand for multiple other items (e.g., a short list of associated points).
The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two
“The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information” is one of the most highly cited papers in psychology. It was written by the cognitive psychologist George A. Miller of Harvard University’s Department of Psychology and published in 1956 in Psychological Review.
What is the chunking hypothesis?
The chunking hypothesis suggests that during the repeated exposure of stimulus material, information is organized into increasingly larger chunks. Many researchers have not considered the full power of the chunking hypothesis as both a learning mechanism and as an explanation of human behavior.
Who launched the cognitive revolution in psychology?
Cognitive psychology became the dominant form of psychology in the 1950s and 1960s in an intellectual era we call the cognitive revolution. The cognitive revolution was pioneered by a number of scholars from Harvard University, including George Miller, Noam Chomsky, Jerome Bruner, and Ulric Neisser.
The multi-store model is an explanation of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin which assumes there are three unitary (separate) memory stores, and that information is transferred between these stores in a linear sequence.
What are the phonological loop visuospatial sketchpad and central executive?
The phonological loop is responsible for the encoding of acoustic and verbal information. The visuospatial sketchpad has the same role as the phonological loop except that it processes visual and visuospatial information. The role of the central executive is to oversee and control the whole process.
The episodic buffer of working memory (Baddeley, 2000; Baddeley, 2007) is proposed as a limited capacity storage system responsible for integrating information from several sources to create a unified memory, sometimes referred to as a single ‘episode’.
