Cognitive Psychology Lecture 02 - Part 3 (Gestalt Theory) Flashcards
What is Gestalt psychology theory?
Gestalt psychology, school of psychology founded in the 20th century that provided the foundation for the modern study of perception. Gestalt theory emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts. That is, the attributes of the whole are not deducible from analysis of the parts in isolation.
What are the gestalt principles?
There are six individual principles commonly associated with gestalt theory: similarity, continuation, closure, proximity, figure/ground, and symmetry & order (also called prägnanz).
Who is the founder of Gestalt psychology?
Origin and history. Max Wertheimer (1880–1943), Kurt Koffka (1886–1941), and Wolfgang Köhler (1887-1967) founded Gestalt psychology in the early 20th century.
What is the law of Prägnanz?
The Law of Prägnanz (or Pragnanz) suggests that when people are presented with complex shapes or a set of ambiguous elements, their brains choose to interpret them in the easiest manner possible.
Laws of principles of grouping?
The principles of grouping (or Gestalt laws of grouping) are a set of principles in psychology, first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects, a principle known as Prägnanz.
What is the law of proximity?
The law of proximity is a principle in Gestalt psychology that describes how the human eye perceives elements that are close together as more related than elements that are further apart. This principle applies even if the elements differ in color, shape, size, or other characteristics
What is the law of similarity?
The Law of Similarity is the gestalt grouping law that states that elements that are similar to each other tend to be perceived as a unified group. Similarity can refer to any number of features, including color, orientation, size, or indeed motion.
What is the law of closure?
The law of Closure refers to our tendency to complete an incomplete shape in order to rationalize the whole. The law of Common Fate observes that when objects point in the same direction, we see them as a related group.
Which one is the example of law of symmetry?
It is a visual property in which elements are made up of equivalent parts to resemble proportion and balance. A common example would be how human faces have two equivalent elements like eyes, ears, hands, and legs that create a balance forming symmetry.
What is the law of continuity?
The law of continuity is a heuristic principle introduced by Gottfried Leibniz based on earlier work by Nicholas of Cusa and Johannes Kepler. It is the principle that “whatever succeeds for the finite, also succeeds for the infinite”.
What is the law of figure/ground segregation?
The law of Figure/Ground states that we can distinguish an object (the figure of the rule) from background (the ground). This rule shows that when we look at a design, we perceive the figure from the ground distinctly.
How does the Rubin vase illusion work?
In the classic Rubin’s vase optical illusion, neurons in the brain must decide whether the border between black and white belongs to the white area or to the black area, which determines whether you perceive the scene as either a black vase on a white background, or white faces on a black background.
What is a bistable illusion?
Abstract. Bistable images have the possibility of being perceived in two different ways. Due to their physical characteristics, these visual stimuli allow two different perceptions, associated with top-down and bottom-up modulating processes.
What is multistable perception?
Multistable perception is a perceptual phenomenon in which an observer experiences an unpredictable sequence of spontaneous subjective changes. While usually associated with visual perception, multistable perception can also be experienced with auditory and olfactory percepts.
