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anatomy 2401 > introduction to anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

introduction to anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

study of the structure of the body

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2
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

structures visible to naked eye

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3
Q

What is regional anatomy?

A

all structures in a particular body region (thoracic or pelvic)

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4
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

all structures within a body system (skeletal or endocrine)

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5
Q

What is surface anatomy?

A

internal structures that are studied through via palpation (bones, veins, muscles)

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6
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

structures that can only be seen with the use of a microscope

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7
Q

What is cytology?

A

study of cells

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8
Q

What is histology?

A

study of tissues

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9
Q

What is developmental anatomy?

A

changes in anatomical structure over the life span of human life, from zygote to old age

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10
Q

What is embryology?

A

study of developing embryo

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11
Q

What is physiology?

A

study of the function of the body, with emphasis at the cellular/molecular level (chemistry)

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12
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A

atoms, molecules, organelles, cell, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

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13
Q

What is an atom?

A

smallest unit; everything is comprised of atoms

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14
Q

What is a molecule?

A

stable groups of atoms, small molecules: monomers and larger molecules: polymers; four important organic polymers: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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15
Q

What is an organelle?

A

“Little organ”; groups of molecules

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16
Q

What is a cell?

A

composed of organelles, smallest unit of life

17
Q

What is a tissue?

A

groups of cells

18
Q

What is an organ?

A

groups of tissues

19
Q

What is an organ system?

A

groups of organs that work together, integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic/immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

20
Q

What is an organism?

A

groups of organ systems

21
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, respiration, excretion, movement, secretion, reproduction, irritability, egestion

22
Q

What is ingestion?

A

a supply of food to make energy

23
Q

What is digestion?

A

break large molecules into smaller molecules

24
Q

What is absorption?

A

molecules being transported through cell membranes

25
Q

What is assimilation?

A

make larger molecules from smaller molecules

26
Q

What is respiration?

A

the release of chemical energy (atp) from molecules

27
Q

What is excretion?

A

getting rid of waste products created by metabolic activities

28
Q

What is movement?

A

releases energy and allows for manipulation

29
Q

What is secretion?

A

production of hormones, vitamins, saliva, etc, they are not waste products

30
Q

What is reproduction?

A

necessary for continuation of a species, but not for an individual

31
Q

What is irritability?

A

ability to be aware of and react to internal/external stimuli

32
Q

What is egestion?

A

ability to emit undigestible materials from a cell

33
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

the ability to maintain constant internal conditions

34
Q

What is a sensory receptor?

A

senses stimulus; sight, touch, hearing

35
Q

What is control center?

A

processes appropriate response, consists of spinal cord and brain

36
Q

What is an effector?

A

response to stimulus, via feedback systems that turn body processes on/off

37
Q

What is a negative feedback system?

A

most common system, output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus when levels reach an “ideal” value (think of gas pump shutting off)

38
Q

What is a positive feedback system?

A

the initial response enhances the original stimulus so that further responses are amplified

anatomy 2401 (12 decks)

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