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anatomy 2401 > biochemistry > Flashcards

biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is biochemistry?

A

study of chemical composition and reaction of living matter.

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2
Q

What are inorganic compounds?

A

do not contain carbon except co2 (water, salts, and many acids and bases) essential for life.

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3
Q

What are organic compounds?

A

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids. they contain carbon, are usually large, and are covalently bonded. essential for life.

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4
Q

What is water?

A

(h20) the most abundant compound and accounts for 50% to 75% of the human body weight.

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5
Q

What are the properties of water?

A

high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polar solvent properties, and cushioning.

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6
Q

What is high heat capacity?

A

temperature of water is very stable (helps stabilize the internal temperature of the body).

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7
Q

What is high heat of vaporization?

A

is a good evaporative coolant, which helps maintain uniform heat.

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8
Q

What is polar solvent properties?

A

universal solvent, both cohesive and adhesive giving it surface tension, capillarity, and lubricating properties.

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9
Q

What is cushioning?

A

protects certain organs from physical trauma.

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10
Q

What are minerals?

A

such as salts are ionic compounds that dissociate into separate ions in water. separated into cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged) not including h+ and oh- ions

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11
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

all ions because they can conduct electrical currents in solutions.

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12
Q

What are monomers?

A

smallest organic compound and diffuses through cell membranes. (building blocks)

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13
Q

What is a polymer?

A

larger molecules and too big to fit through the cell membrane.

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14
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

combine monomers by removing water.

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15
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

add water to split monomers apart.

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16
Q

What is a carbohydrate?

A

(sugar) they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. “glyco” (prefix), “ose”(suffix), “sacchar”(root word) all indicate sugar.

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17
Q

What is a monosaccaride?

A

simple sugars, main energy source for cell, glucose (c6h12o6), cellular respiration for ATP.

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18
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

double sugars, lactose (milk), can’t be used directly by cells.

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19
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

can’t be used directly by cells, starch, glycogen, cellulose, and not soluble.

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20
Q

What is a lipid?

A

fats that contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen with no definite ratio

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21
Q

What are the monomers in lipids?

A

fatty acids

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22
Q

What does saturated mean in lipids?

A

more hydrogen they can have which creates a solid bond at room temperature.

23
Q

What does unsaturated mean in lipids?

A

not enough hydrogen this causes a kink in the carbon chain which causes oil at room temperature.

24
Q

What are polymer triglycerides?

A

energy storage, insulation, and cushioning.

25
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

important for cell memebrane structure.

26
Q

What is used for making steroids needed for regular body functions?

A

cholesterol

27
Q

What are the attributes of a phospholipid bilayer?

A

the top has extracellular fluid and the bottom ultracellular fluid. the head is hydrophilic and the tail is hydrophobic.

28
Q

What are proteins?

A

they contain carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen, are involved in nearly every chemical reaction, and have highly variable functions (how its built determines function).

29
Q

What are the monomers in proteins?

A

amino acids, when bonded together via peptide bonds it creates polypeptide.

30
Q

What is the definition of a functioning protein?

A

polypeptide folded into a 3-D shape and they have 4 levels.

31
Q

What are the 4 structural levels of proteins?

A
  1. chains of amino acids
  2. alpha helix coil or beta pleated sheets
  3. combining coils and sheets
  4. taking multiple groups that one already combined to make a bigger structure
32
Q

What are structural proteins?

A

mechanical support

33
Q

What are enzyme proteins?

A

catalysis. protein enzymes are essential for virtually every biochemical reaction in the body.

34
Q

What are transport proteins?

A

moving substances (in blood or across plasma membranes).

35
Q

What are contractile proteins?

A

movement

36
Q

What are communication proteins?

A

transmitting signals between cells, and acts as chemical messengers.

37
Q

What are defensive proteins?

A

protect against disease.

38
Q

What do the enzymes end with?

A

ase

39
Q

What is the optimal pH level?

A

pH= power hydrogen

40
Q

What is the optimal body temperature?

A

98.6

41
Q

What is denaturing?

A

structures of protein fall apart at higher temperatures.

42
Q

What are coenzymes?

A

vitamins help chemical reactions.

43
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

they contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous.

44
Q

What are the monomers in nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides

45
Q

What are the attributes of RNA?

A

they make proteins based on blueprint and single stranded.

46
Q

What are the attributes of DNA?

A

blueprints of genetic material and double stranded.

47
Q

What are the base pairing rules for RNA?

A

cytosine binds with guanine and adenine binds with uracil.

48
Q

What are the base pairing rules for DNA?

A

adenine binds with thymine and cytosine binds with guanine.

49
Q

What is a messenger rna?

A

saying what amino acids, we need to.

50
Q

What is a transfer rna?

A

getting the amino acids.

51
Q

What is a ribosomal rna?

A

assists in protein synthesis (building blocks).

52
Q

What is transcription in synthesis?

A

DNA information coded into mrna.

53
Q

What is translation in synthesis?

A

mrna decoded to assemble polypeptides.

anatomy 2401 (12 decks)

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