Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy 2401 > fundamentals of chemistry > Flashcards

fundamentals of chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

any substance that has mass and occupies space; exists in three forms: solid, liquid, gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are elements?

A

building blocks of matter; 96% of our body is carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mass number?

A

number of protons of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an isotope?

A

structural variations of an element; protons are the same but neutrons vary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the atomic weight?

A

average weight of all isotopes of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are atoms?

A

smallest unit of elements; consists of central nucleus (protons and neutrons) surrounded by ring(s) of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of an atom?

A
  1. up to 7 rings/shells/orbitals containing electrons, with maximum allowed per ring
  2. valence shell: outermost shell with highest potential energy
  3. ion: an atom that has gained or lost electrons; includes salts, electrolytes, minerals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is radioisotopes?

A

gives off radiation as they decay; can be harmful but also used in medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

two or more atoms held together and stores potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

atoms completely transfer; mostly salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

atoms share electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

A

equal sharing of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

unequal sharing of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

weak chemical bond involving hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is energy?

A

has no mass or space, but gives matter the ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

energy of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is potential energy?

A

stored energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the law conservation of energy?

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted

20
Q

What are chemical reactions?

A

occurs when chemical bonds are formed or broken

21
Q

What is an endergonic?

A

absorbs energy

22
Q

What is an exergonic?

A

releases energy

23
Q

What are the types of chemical reactions?

A

synthesis, decomposition, exchange

24
Q

What is synthesis?

A

combine small molecules to make larger molecules (a+b=ab)

25
Q

What is anabolic process?

A

consumes energy to make large molecules

26
Q

What is decomposition?

A

large molecule breaks into smaller molecules (ab=a+b)

27
Q

What is the catabolic process?

A

releases energy as it breaks down molecules

28
Q

What is an exchange?

A

two molecules exchange atoms (ab+cd=ad+cb)

29
Q

What is oxidation - reduction?

A

electrons exchanged between reactants (cellular respiration)

30
Q

What is temperature?

A

increase in temp increase reaction rate

31
Q

What is concentration?

A

higher concentration increases reaction rate

32
Q

What is particle size?

A

smaller size increases reaction rate

33
Q

What are molecules?

A

2 or more atoms of the same type of atom (h2, o2, h2o)

34
Q

What are compounds?

A

2 or more types of atoms bonded together (h2o, nacl, c6h12o6)

35
Q

What is a mixture?

A

2 or more substances blended together with no chemical changes (sugar water)

36
Q

What is a solution?

A

one substance dissolved into another

37
Q

What is a solute?

A

dissolved substance (sugar)

38
Q

What is a solvent?

A

substance in which a solute is dissolved (water)

39
Q

What is a colloid?

A

mixture where particles remain permanently mixed with solvent (jello cytosol)

40
Q

What is a suspension?

A

mixture where particles separate upon standing (ketchup and blood)

41
Q

What are acids and bases?

A

substances that alter the hydrogen concentration (h+) of a solution

42
Q

What is an acid?

A

substances that increases the h+ concentration of a solution

43
Q

What is a base?

A

substance that decreases the h+ concentration of a solution

44
Q

What is a pH scale?

A

measures h+ concentration

45
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

pH of 7.0 is neutral, pH less than (<) 7.0 is acidic, pH greater than (>) 7.9 is basic (alkaline)

46
Q

What are buffers?

A

substances that minimizes h+ charges when acid/base is added

47
Q

What is the pH of human blood?

A

7.35 to 7.45

anatomy 2401 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions