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anatomy 2401 > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is cell theory?

A

basic unit of life, cells come from preexisting cells, all living things are made of cells, cells live independently (via organelles), but require others to function.

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2
Q

How many types of cells are there?

A

250

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3
Q

What do each cell contain?

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus.

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4
Q

What are the cell shapes?

A

squamous (flat and thin), stellate (star like), cuboidal (cube like), columnar (column), fusiform (flat with wide middle), fibrous (long and skinny).

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5
Q

What is a double phospholipid bilayer?

A

hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.

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6
Q

What does the integral proteins do?

A

span the membrane for transport, communication, and enzymes.

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7
Q

What does the peripheral proteins do?

A

sit on the surface of membrane for movement, enzymes, and communication.

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8
Q

What is glycocalyx?

A

identification tag (dna).

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of passive transport?

A

no energy required, substances move along concentration gradient, and move from high to low concentration.

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10
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

small particles moving easily through membrane.

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11
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

need help to pass through membrane (large particles).

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12
Q

Osmosis

A

solvent movement through membrane (usually water).

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13
Q

Active Transport

A

movement against the concentration gradient; requires energy.

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14
Q

Primary Active Transport

A

direct transport of solute.

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15
Q

Sodium/Potassium Pump

A

pumps 3 Na+ 2 K+ in and “atp” becomes “adp”

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16
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate, obtained by cellular respiration which breaks down glucose.

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17
Q

Secondary Active

A

solutes indirectly transported.

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18
Q

Cotransport

A

moving 2 solutes simultaneously.

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19
Q

Symport

A

same direction.

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20
Q

Antiport

A

opposite.

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21
Q

tonicity

A

measure of solute concentration.

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22
Q

Hypertonic

A

high concentration of solutes and causes cells to shrink (crenation).

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23
Q

Hypotonic

A

low concentration of solutes and causes cell to burst (cytolysis).

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24
Q

Isotonic

A

equal concentration.

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25
Q

Physiological saline

A

0.9%

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26
Q

Hemolysis

A

swelling of red blood cells until burst (RBC’s)

27
Q

Electrically Exitane Cells

A

muscle and nervous cells with higher Na+ extracellulary and higher K+ intracellulary.

28
Q

EEC

A

allows for electrical signals to move through body (communication) substance movement.

29
Q

Vesicle

A

transport pouch

30
Q

Endocytosis

A

brings contents into cells.

31
Q

Phagocytosis

A

cellular eating (breaking down).

32
Q

Pinocytosis

A

cellular drinking

33
Q

Exocytosis

A

expels contents from cells cell membrane extensions.

34
Q

Cilia

A

little hairs, usually for movement.

35
Q

Flagellum

A

large “tail”

36
Q

Microvilli

A

small finger like extensions to increase surface area.

37
Q

Extracellular

A

outside of cell

38
Q

interstitial

A

fluid that surrounds cells.

39
Q

Blood Plasma

A

fluid of the blood

40
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

fluids surrounding brain and spinal cord

41
Q

Secretions

A

mucus, saliva, etc

42
Q

Cytoplasm

A

everything between cell membrane and nucleus.

43
Q

Cytosol

A

gel-like fluid w/ proteins, salts, etc.

44
Q

organelles

A

subcellular structure

45
Q

Mitochondria

A

site of cellular respiration to produce atp.

46
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

membranes continuous with nucleus membrane, involves transport of some sort.

47
Q

Rough ER

A

contains ribosome, which synthesizes proteins and makes new cell membrane.

48
Q

Smooth ER

A

lacks ribosomes, produce lipids, proteins, carbs, hormones, modify toxins, and stores Ca 2+ (Calcium).

49
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

packages, sorts, and modifies products for transport (via a vesicle).

50
Q

Cytosomes

A

breaks down intercellular debris (aka “suicide sacs”).

51
Q

Peroxisomes

A

break down toxic substances concentrated in liver or kidneys.

52
Q

Ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis, fixed are attached to rough er, free are within cytoplasm.

53
Q

Centrioles

A

involved in cell division.

54
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

frame work of cell, helps maintain shape.

55
Q

Microtubules

A

rigidity

56
Q

Microfilaments

A

flexibility

57
Q

Intremediate

A

anchors structure

58
Q

Nucleus

A

largest organelle, controls cell function and dna contained.

59
Q

Anucleate

A

without nucleus

60
Q

Multinucleate

A

multiple nuclei

61
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

encloses nucleus

62
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

fluid inside nucleus.

63
Q

Chromatin

A

genetic material.

64
Q

nucleoli

A

“little nucleus”, ribosomes produced.

anatomy 2401 (12 decks)

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