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dental anatomy > Introduction to anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

cytology

A

Is the study of body cells in their internal structure?

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2
Q

Histology

A

Is a study of tissues

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3
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Studies the anatomy of each body system

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4
Q

Regional Anatomy🫀🫁🧠

A

Examines the structure in a body region

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5
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Is the study of external anatomical features without dissection

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6
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

Examines, anatomical, similarities, and differences in different species

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6
Q

Embryology

A

Studies, developmental changes from conception to birth

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7
Q

Pathological Anatomy🫀🫁🧠

A

Examines microscopic, microscopic, anatomical changes

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8
Q

Graphic Anatomy🫀🫁🧠

A

Investigates internal structures visualized by scanning proper procedures

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9
Q

System, Anatomy🫀🫁🧠:

A

Systemic anatomy is the study of the body’s organ systems that work together to carry out complex functions.

The integumentary system
The skeletal system
The articular system
The muscular system
The nervous system
The circulatory system
The cardiovascular system
The lymphatic system
The alimentary or digestive system
The respiratory system
The urinary system
The genital (reproductive) system
The endocrine system

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10
Q

Regional Anatomy🫀🫁🧠

A

Regional anatomy (topographical anatomy) considers the organization of the human body as major parts or segments.
Head
Neck
Trunk
back
thorax
abdomen
pelvis/perineum
paired upper limbs and lower limbs.

All the major parts may be further subdivided into areas and regions.

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11
Q

Regions of the head

A
  1. Frontal region, parietal, occipital, temporal, Auricular, 6. mastoid

Facial region:
7. Orbital, Infra-orbital, buccal, Parotid, zygomatic, Nasal, Oral region, 14. Mental region

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12
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Structures are perceptible to touch (Palpable) in the living body at rest and in action

Physical examination:
- Palpation
- ophthalmoscope
- Stethoscope

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13
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

The … nerve provides innervation to this area of muscle,” clinical anatomy asks, “paralysis of some or all facial muscles on the affected side indicates a lesion of which nerve?”

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14
Q

Anatomical cavity (important) slide 10

A

Dorsal cavity and ventral cavity

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15
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

Completely encased in bone subdivided into cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

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16
Q

Cranial cavity (endocardium)

A

Is formed by bones of the cranium. Houses the brain

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17
Q

vertebral canal

A

Is formed by the bones of the vertebral column. Houses the spinal cord.

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18
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Interiorly placed in the body portioned into:
- Superior thoracic cavity
- Inferior abdominopelvic pelvic cavity

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19
Q

Anatomicomedical Terminology

A

Anatomical position
Anatomical planes and sections
Terms of relationship and comparison
Terms of laterality
Terms of movement
Anatomical variation

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20
Q

Anatomical position

A

The anatomical position is the standard reference position of the body used to describe the location of structures

Characteristics of anatomic position:
- head, eyes (gaze), and toes directed anteriorly
- upper limbs by the sides with the palm facing interiorly
- lower limbs close together with the feet parallel in the toes directly

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21
Q

Anatomical planes

A

Anatomical descriptions are based on the four imaginary planes that intersect the body in the anatomical position

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22
Q

Medium plain

A

Median sagittal plane, the vertical anterior posterior plane, devise a body into right and left halves

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23
Q

Sagittal planes

A

Vertical planes passing to the body parallel to the median plane

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24
Q

Anatomical sections

A

The main use of anatomic plants to describe sections

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24
Q

Frontal (coronal) planes

A

Are vertical planes dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

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25
Q

Transverse planes

A

Are horizontal planes dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts

Note: radiologist referred to transverse plan as transaxial, which is commonly shortened to axial planes

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26
Q

Longitudinal sections

A

Run length ways or parallel to the long axis of the body

Note: median, sagittal, and frontal plants are the standard longitudinal sections

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27
Q

Transverse section (cross section)

A

Our slices of the body, or its parts that are cut at right angles to the longitude of axis of the body, or of any of its parts

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28
Q

Oblique sections

A

Are slices of the body or any of its parts that are not cut along the previously listed anatomical planes

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29
Q

Superior
Cranial

A

Upward or near the head
Cranial: located toward the head

30
Q

Inferior
Caudal

A
  • Downward, or near the feet
  • Located toward the tail
31
Q

Posterior
What is a synonym for posterior?

A
  • the back service of the body or near to the back
  • synonym: dorsal
32
Q
  • Anterior
  • What is a synonym?
  • __________ is often used instead of interior when describing parts of the brain
A
  • located toward the front
  • ventral
  • Rostral
33
Q

Medial

A

A structure that is near to the median plane of the body

34
Q

Lateral

A

A structure that is farther away from the medium plane

35
Q

Superficial

A

Situated near the surface

36
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a superficial and a deep structure

37
Q

Deep

A

Situated deep beneath the surface

38
Q

External

A

Outside of or farther from the center of an organ or cavity

39
Q

Internal

A

Inside or closer to the center, independent of direction

40
Q

Proximal

A

Close to, or to the trunk or point of Origin

41
Q

Distal

A

Away from the trunk or point of origin (toward the end of the limb)

42
Q

Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back of the hand or top of the foot

43
Q

Palmar

A

Pertain to the palm of the hand

44
Q

Planter

A

Pertain to the sole of the foot

45
Q

Terms of laterality

A
  • Bilateral
  • Unilateral
  • Ipsilateral
  • contralateral
46
Q

Bilateral

A

Peered structures having right and left members

47
Q

unilateral

A

On one side only

48
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Occurring on the same side of the body as another structure

49
Q

Contralateral

A

Occur on the opposite side of the body relative to another structure

50
Q

Flexion

A

Bending, or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of the body

51
Q

Extension

A

Straightening, or increase in the angle between the bones or parts of the body extension usually occurs in a poster direction

52
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Describes flexion at the ankle joint, as occurs when walking, uphill, or lifting the front of the foot and toes off the ground

53
Q

Planarflexion

A

Bends the foot and toes toward the ground, as when standing on your toes

54
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the median plane

55
Q

Adduction

A

Moving toward the median plane

56
Q

Right and left lateral flexion (Lateral bending)

A

Our special forms of abduction for only the neck and trunk

57
Q

Rotation

A

Rotation, medial rotation, and lateral rotation

58
Q

Rotation

A

Turning or revolving part of the body around its longitudinal axis, such as turning one’s head to face sideways

59
Q

Medial rotation

A

Internal rotation: brings the interior surface of a limb closer to the median plane

60
Q

Lateral rotation

A

External rotation: takes anterior surface away from the median plane

61
Q

Supination

A

Is the opposite rotation movement, rotating the forearm laterally

Memory: you can hold soup in the palm of your hand when the flexed forearm is supinated, but are prone (likely) to spill it if the forearm is then pronated!)

61
Q

Pronation

A

Rotates the forearm medially

62
Q

Circumduction

A

Is it circular movement that involves sequential flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction (or in the opposite order) in such a way that the distal end of the part moves in a circle

63
Q

Opposition

A

Is the movement by which the pad of the first digit (thumb) is brought to another pad

64
Q

Reposition

A

The movement of the first digit from the position of opposition back to the anatomical position

65
Q

Protraction

A

Anterolateral movements of the scapula on the thoracic wall, causing the shoulder region to move anteriorly

66
Q

Retraction

A

Posteromedial movements of the scapula and the thoracic wall, caused the shoulder region to move posteriorly

67
Q

Elevation

A

Races or moves apart, superiorly, as an elevating, the shoulders, when shrugging, the upper eyelid, when opening the eye, or the tongue would push it up against the palate (roof of mouth)

68
Q

Depression

A

Lowers or moves apart inferiorly, as in depressing the shoulders, when standing at ease, the upper eyelid, when closing the eye, pulling the tongue away from the palate.

69
Q

Protrusion

A

An anteriorly (forward) movement as in protruding the mandible chin, lips, or tongue

70
Q

Retrursion

A

Movement posteriorly (backward), as in retruding the mandible, lips, or tongue

71
Q

Eversion

A

Moves the soul of the foot away from the medium plane, turning the sole laterally

72
Q

Inversion

A

Move to soul of the foot toward the median plane (facing the sole medially)

73
Q
A
74
Q
A

dental anatomy (9 decks)

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